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This directory provides the following files:
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MODELS:

- LumbSpine_3DOF.osim: total lumbar flexion, bending, and rotation are controllable 
  parameters, the motion is distributed among the levels based on fixed segmental motion 
  constraints.
- LumbSpine_30DOF.osim: each vertebrae has 6 controllable degrees of freedom 
  (3 rotational, 3 translational).

Both models feature bushings at intervertebral joint center of rotation locations. For 
detailed model parameters see xml-files or publication (Senteler et al. __?__). 


GEOMETRIES:

- geometry.zip: contains a folder 'Geometry' with *.vtp files containing geometry 
                information of bones in a triangular format. Use software such as
				'meshlab' or 'paraview' to visualize and/or manipulate geometries.
				
  IMPORTANT:  The geometry files are necessary to display the models correctly.  
  ----------  There are two possibilities how to achiev this: 
			  1) Place the whole folder in the same directory where the model is stored. 
			     No sub directories. Do not rename the folder. 
			  2) Copy geometry files from into the folder 'Geometry'^located in the 
			     OpenSim installation directory(e.g. C:\OpenSim\Geometry). Make sure to 
				 backup existing files. Remember to restore the original files or use a 
				 fresh OpenSim installation when working with other models.
				 
				 
MOTION FILES:

Two example motion files are provided, containing the following motion: 
  upright standing - 45° flexion - upright standing (sinusoidal shape); 
  10Hz sample rate; total duration 5sec; 

- flex45DegAndBack_5sec10Hz_3DOF.mot: 
  Motion file for the constraint model (LumbSpine_3DOF.osim) 
    
- flex45DegAndBack_5sec10Hz_30DOF.mot: 
  Motion file for the unconstraint model (LumbSpine_30DOF.osim)
  
The motion files can most easily be modified using Microsoft Excel (or similar)
The files should be saved in a tab separated format with the extension *.mot. Don't
forget to adjust the header if the number of columns or rows has changed. Timesteps
(sampling rate) can be adjusted arbitrarily.

________________________________________________________________________________________

     Author:  Senteler Marco
       Year:  2015
Affiliation:  ETH Zürich | EMPA Dübendorf | Uniklinik Balgrist


--- c r e d i t s ---

The provided models are an enhanced assembly of models previously described in the 
following publications:

Christophy M, Faruk Senan NA, Lotz JC, O’Reilly OM. 2012. Biomech Model Mechan.
A musculoskeletal model for the lumbar spine. 

Holzbaur KR, Murray WM, Delp SL. 2005. Ann Biomed Eng. 
A model of the upper extremity for simulating musculoskeletal surgery and 
analyzing neuromuscular control. 

Vasavada AN, Brault JR, Siegmund GP. 2007. Spine.
Musculotendon and fascicle strains in anterior and posterior neck muscles during whiplash
injury.