#acl +All:read Default #format wiki #language en <<TableOfContents>> == Synopsis == The overall goal of this case study is to provide the utility of Open Knee(s) - Generation 1 model for reproducing the outcome of a clinical test, the pivot shift, for evaluating mechanical function of the anterior cruciate ligament. === Use Case === The case is based on reproduction of a pivot shift loading scenario in a tibiofemoral joint model. The loading scenario was measured in a cadaver knee during pivot shift tests conducted by an orthopaedic surgeon. In follow-up robotics testing, this loading profile was adjusted for robotics testing of intact, ACL deficient, and ACL reconstructed knees. The use case aims for illustrating the capacity of the Open Knee(s) - Generation 1 model to reproduce the clinical differentiation of intact and ACL deficient knee in a virtual sense. === Simulation Aims === * To understand the role of ACL for stabilization of the joint during pivot shift testing (primary) * To explore the correspondence of Open Knee(s) simulation against robotics prescribed pivot shift loading of various knees (secondary) === Model === The model is based on Open Knee(s) - Generation 1 model, which was updated for FEBio version 2.1: . https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/_gen1/src/tf_joint_FEBio_v2.feb === Inputs === Prescribed time histories of movement and loading of the tibiofemoral joint (six degrees of freedom) representative of pivot shift data: * flexion * internal/external rotation torque * varus/valgus torque * anterior/posterior force * medial/lateral force * compression/distraction force === Outputs === * Time histories of kinematics-kinetics of the tibiofemoral joint (six degrees of freedom) (primary) * flexion torque * internal/external rotation * varus/valgus * anterior/posterior translation * medial/lateral translation * compression/distraction * Time histories of stress-strain behavior (secondary) === Simulation Conditions === * with intact ACL * without the ACL (very low stiffness for convenient modeling and simulation workflow) == Team Members == * Ahmet Erdemir - study planning, outline of publications * Snehal Chokhandre - execution of simulations and post-processing, lead authorship in publications * Craig Bennetts - assisting simulations, scripting for pre-/post-processing, support to document model in publications * Tara Bonner - assiting pivot shift trajectory generation, support documentation on pivot shift literature and implications of simulations for robotics testing * Robb Colbrunn - lead pivot shift trajectory generation, provide literature survey on pivot shift studies (clinical and cadaver testing), support to document implications of simulations for robotics testing * Paul Saluan - support to document clinical utility of pivot shift and implications of simulations for clinical practice == Progress == === Source Code Repository === https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/app/PivotShift/ === Data === https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/app/PivotShift/dat/ === Model Customization === https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/app/PivotShift/src/ === Simulations === === Post-Processing === https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/app/PivotShift/sol/ === Publications === https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/app/PivotShift/doc/ == References ==