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<<TableOfContents>>

== Synopsis ==

The overall goal of this case study is to analyze the role of the transverse ligament (TL) in menisci & cartilage mechanics in the Open Knee(s) - Generation 1 model. 

=== Use Case ===

The case is based on experimental studies investigating the role of the transverse ligament in menisci translation and menisci/cartilage stress distributions. Muhle, 1999 explored menisci kinematics in the presence and absence of the transverse ligament, and found that the TL had a restricting effect on translation of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus. The use cases aims for illustrating the capacity of the Open Knee(s) - Generation 1 model to analyze the function of a ligament via ''in silico'' modeling techniques.

=== Simulation Aims ===

 * To understand the role of the transverse ligament in menisci & cartilage mechanics during passive flexion & compression (primary)
 * To explore the correspondence of Open Knee(s) simulation against experimental passive flexion data of the knee (secondary)

=== Model ===

The model is based on Open Knee(s) - Generation 1 model, which was updated for FEBio version 2.X (release will include in situ strains and material properties for meniscal attachments):

 . https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/_gen1/src/tf_joint_FEBio_v2.feb

=== Inputs ===

Prescribed movement and loading of the tibiofemoral joint representative of experimental data from Muhle, 1999: 

 * 0, 30, 60, 90 degrees flexion (primary)

=== Outputs ===

 * Time histories of menisci kinematic, stress behavior (primary)
 * Time histories of cartilage stress-strain behavior (primary)
 * Time histories of kinematics-kinetics of the tibiofemoral joint (six degrees of freedom) (secondary)
  * flexion torque
  * internal/external rotation
  * varus/valgus
  * anterior/posterior translation
  * medial/lateral translation
  * compression/distraction


=== Simulation Conditions ===

 * with intact TL
 * without TL (very low stiffness for convenient modeling and simulation workflow)

== Team Members ==

 * Ahmet Erdemir - study planning, outline of publications
 * Omar Gad - execution of simulations and post-processing, lead authorship in publications
 * Craig Bennetts - assisting simulations, scripting for pre-/post-processing, support to document model in publications
 * Snehal Chokhandre - support to document model in publications

== Progress ==

=== Source Code Repository ===

https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/app/TransverseLigament/

=== Data ===

https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/app/TransverseLigament/dat/

=== Model Customization ===

https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/app/TransverseLigament/src/

=== Simulations ===

=== Post-Processing ===

https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/app/TransverseLigament/sol/

=== Publications ===

https://simtk.org/svn/openknee/app/TransverseLigament/doc/

== References ==

 1. Muhle et al., 1999. ''Invest Radiol'', 34(9) 558-565.
 2. Poh et al., 2010. ''The Knee'',  19(2012), 135-139.