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API
4.3
For C++ developers
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This class implements a nonlinear spring ligament model introduced by Blankevoort et al. (1991) [1] and further described in Smith et al. (2016) [2]. More...
OpenSim Properties, Sockets, Outputs, Inputs | |
Properties (unnamed) | |
GeometryPath | GeometryPath |
"The set of points defining the path of the ligament" More... | |
Properties (single-value) | |
double | linear_stiffness |
"The slope of the linear region of the force-strain curve. " "Units of force/strain (N)." More... | |
double | transition_strain |
"The strain at which the ligament force-strain curve transitions from " "quadratic to linear. Units of strain. Default value of 0.06 (6%)." More... | |
double | damping_coefficient |
"The coefficient that multiplies the strain rate when computing the " " damping force. Units of N*s/strain. Default value of 0.003." More... | |
double | slack_length |
"The length at which ligament begins developing tension. Units of m." More... | |
Outputs | |
double | spring_force |
Provides the value of getSpringForce() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Position . More... | |
double | damping_force |
Provides the value of getDampingForce() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Velocity . More... | |
double | total_force |
Provides the value of getTotalForce() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Velocity . More... | |
double | strain |
Provides the value of getStrain() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Position . More... | |
double | strain_rate |
Provides the value of getStrainRate() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Velocity . More... | |
double | length |
Provides the value of getLength() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Position . More... | |
double | lengthening_speed |
Provides the value of getLengtheningSpeed() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Velocity . More... | |
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bool | appliesForce |
"Flag indicating whether the force is applied or not. If true the force" "is applied to the MultibodySystem otherwise the force is not applied." "NOTE: Prior to OpenSim 4.0, this behavior was controlled by the " "'isDisabled' property, where 'true' meant that force was not being " "applied. Thus, if 'isDisabled' is true, then 'appliesForce` is false." More... | |
double | potential_energy |
Provides the value of computePotentialEnergy() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Velocity . More... | |
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Component | components |
"List of components that this component owns and serializes." More... | |
Public Member Functions | |
Blankevoort1991Ligament () | |
Blankevoort1991Ligament (std::string name, const PhysicalFrame &frame1, SimTK::Vec3 point1, const PhysicalFrame &frame2, SimTK::Vec3 point2) | |
Blankevoort1991Ligament (std::string name, const PhysicalFrame &frame1, SimTK::Vec3 point1, const PhysicalFrame &frame2, SimTK::Vec3 point2, double linear_stiffness, double slack_length) | |
Blankevoort1991Ligament (std::string name, double linear_stiffness, double slack_length) | |
void | setSlackLengthFromReferenceStrain (double strain, const SimTK::State &reference_state) |
Set the slack_length property using the strain in the ligament at a known pose (reference state). More... | |
void | setSlackLengthFromReferenceForce (double force, const SimTK::State &reference_state) |
Set the slack_length property using the absolute spring force (N) in the ligament at a known pose (reference force). More... | |
void | setLinearStiffnessForcePerLength (double linear_stiffness) |
Set the linear_stiffness property using a value in units of force/length (N/m). More... | |
void | setDampingCoefficientForceTimePerLength (double damping_coefficient) |
Set the damping_coefficient property using a value in units of force*time/length (N*s/m). More... | |
double | getStrain (const SimTK::State &state) const |
double | getStrainRate (const SimTK::State &state) const |
double | getLength (const SimTK::State &state) const |
double | getLengtheningSpeed (const SimTK::State &state) const |
double | getSpringForce (const SimTK::State &state) const |
double | getDampingForce (const SimTK::State &state) const |
double | getTotalForce (const SimTK::State &state) const |
double | getLinearStiffnessForcePerLength () const |
Get the linear_stiffness property in units of force/length (N/m) More... | |
double | getTransitionLength () const |
Get the length (m) of the ligament where the model transitions from the toe region to the linear region. More... | |
double | getDampingCoefficientForceTimePerLength () const |
Get the damping_coefficient in units of force*time/length (N*s/m) More... | |
double | computeMomentArm (const SimTK::State &s, Coordinate &aCoord) const |
void | computeForce (const SimTK::State &s, SimTK::Vector_< SimTK::SpatialVec > &bodyForces, SimTK::Vector &generalizedForces) const override |
Subclasses must implement this method to compute the forces that should be applied to bodies and generalized speeds. More... | |
double | computePotentialEnergy (const SimTK::State &state) const override |
Subclasses may optionally override this method to compute a contribution to the potential energy of the system. More... | |
void | extendPostScale (const SimTK::State &s, const ScaleSet &scaleSet) override |
Perform any computations that must occur after ModelComponent::scale() has been invoked on all ModelComponents in the Model. More... | |
OpenSim::Array< std::string > | getRecordLabels () const override |
Methods to query a Force for the value actually applied during simulation. More... | |
OpenSim::Array< double > | getRecordValues (const SimTK::State &state) const override |
Given SimTK::State object extract all the values necessary to report forces, application location frame, etc. More... | |
Property-related functions | |
const GeometryPath & | get_GeometryPath () const |
Get the value of the GeometryPath property. More... | |
GeometryPath & | upd_GeometryPath () |
Get a writable reference to the GeometryPath property. More... | |
void | set_GeometryPath (const GeometryPath &value) |
Set the value of the GeometryPath property. More... | |
const double & | get_linear_stiffness () const |
Get the value of the linear_stiffness property. More... | |
double & | upd_linear_stiffness () |
Get a writable reference to the linear_stiffness property. More... | |
void | set_linear_stiffness (const double &value) |
Set the value of the linear_stiffness property. More... | |
const double & | get_transition_strain () const |
Get the value of the transition_strain property. More... | |
double & | upd_transition_strain () |
Get a writable reference to the transition_strain property. More... | |
void | set_transition_strain (const double &value) |
Set the value of the transition_strain property. More... | |
const double & | get_damping_coefficient () const |
Get the value of the damping_coefficient property. More... | |
double & | upd_damping_coefficient () |
Get a writable reference to the damping_coefficient property. More... | |
void | set_damping_coefficient (const double &value) |
Set the value of the damping_coefficient property. More... | |
const double & | get_slack_length () const |
Get the value of the slack_length property. More... | |
double & | upd_slack_length () |
Get a writable reference to the slack_length property. More... | |
void | set_slack_length (const double &value) |
Set the value of the slack_length property. More... | |
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virtual bool | shouldBeParallelized () const |
Tell SimBody to parallelize this force. More... | |
bool | appliesForce (const SimTK::State &s) const |
Return if the Force is applied (or enabled) or not. More... | |
void | setAppliesForce (SimTK::State &s, bool applyForce) const |
Set whether or not the Force is applied. More... | |
virtual bool | hasGeometryPath () const |
Return a flag indicating whether the Force is applied along a Path. More... | |
const bool & | get_appliesForce () const |
Get the value of the appliesForce property. More... | |
bool & | upd_appliesForce () |
Get a writable reference to the appliesForce property. More... | |
void | set_appliesForce (const bool &value) |
Set the value of the appliesForce property. More... | |
void | assign (Object &aObject) override |
This allows copy assignment in the Java GUI. More... | |
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ModelComponent () | |
Default constructor. More... | |
ModelComponent (const std::string &aFileName, bool aUpdateFromXMLNode=true) | |
Construct ModelComponent from an XML file. More... | |
ModelComponent (SimTK::Xml::Element &aNode) | |
Construct ModelComponent from a specific node in an XML document. More... | |
virtual | ~ModelComponent () |
Destructor is virtual to allow concrete model component cleanup. More... | |
void | connectToModel (Model &model) |
Connect this ModelComponent to its aggregate- a Model. More... | |
const Model & | getModel () const |
Get a const reference to the Model this component is part of. More... | |
Model & | updModel () |
Get a modifiable reference to the Model this component is part of. More... | |
bool | hasModel () const |
Does this ModelComponent have a Model associated with it? More... | |
void | preScale (const SimTK::State &s, const ScaleSet &scaleSet) |
Perform any computations that must occur before ModelComponent::scale() is invoked on all ModelComponents in the Model. More... | |
void | scale (const SimTK::State &s, const ScaleSet &scaleSet) |
Scale the ModelComponent. More... | |
void | postScale (const SimTK::State &s, const ScaleSet &scaleSet) |
Perform any computations that must occur after ModelComponent::scale() has been invoked on all ModelComponents in the Model. More... | |
void | assign (Object &aObject) override |
This allows copy assignment in the Java GUI. More... | |
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Component () | |
Default constructor. More... | |
Component (const std::string &aFileName, bool aUpdateFromXMLNode=true) | |
Construct Component from an XML file. More... | |
Component (SimTK::Xml::Element &aNode) | |
Construct Component from a specific node in an XML document. More... | |
Component (const Component &)=default | |
Use default copy constructor and assignment operator. More... | |
Component & | operator= (const Component &)=default |
virtual | ~Component ()=default |
Destructor is virtual to allow concrete Component to cleanup. More... | |
virtual void | generateDecorations (bool fixed, const ModelDisplayHints &hints, const SimTK::State &state, SimTK::Array_< SimTK::DecorativeGeometry > &appendToThis) const |
Optional method for generating arbitrary display geometry that reflects this Component at the specified state. More... | |
const SimTK::MultibodySystem & | getSystem () const |
Get the underlying MultibodySystem that this component is connected to. More... | |
bool | hasSystem () const |
Check if this component has an underlying MultibodySystem. More... | |
bool | isComponentInOwnershipTree (const Component *component) const |
Does the provided component already exist anywhere in the ownership tree (not just subcomponents of this component)? More... | |
void | addComponent (Component *subcomponent) |
Add a Component (as a subcomponent) of this component. More... | |
template<typename T = Component> | |
ComponentList< const T > | getComponentList () const |
Get an iterator through the underlying subcomponents that this component is composed of. More... | |
template<typename T = Component> | |
ComponentList< T > | updComponentList () |
Similar to getComponentList(), except the resulting list allows one to modify the components. More... | |
template<typename T = Component> | |
unsigned | countNumComponents () const |
Uses getComponentList<T>() to count the number of underlying subcomponents of the specified type. More... | |
std::string | getAbsolutePathString () const |
Get the complete (absolute) pathname for this Component to its ancestral Component, which is the root of the tree to which this Component belongs. More... | |
ComponentPath | getAbsolutePath () const |
Return a ComponentPath of the absolute path of this Component. More... | |
std::string | getRelativePathString (const Component &wrt) const |
Get the relative path of this Component with respect to another Component, as a string. More... | |
ComponentPath | getRelativePath (const Component &wrt) const |
Get the relative path of this Component with respect to another Component. More... | |
bool | hasComponent (const std::string &pathname) const |
Query if there is a component (of any type) at the specified path name. More... | |
template<class C = Component> | |
bool | hasComponent (const std::string &pathname) const |
Query if there is a component of a given type at the specified path name. More... | |
template<class C = Component> | |
const C & | getComponent (const std::string &pathname) const |
Get a unique subcomponent of this Component by its path name and type 'C'. More... | |
template<class C = Component> | |
const C & | getComponent (const ComponentPath &pathname) const |
const Component & | getComponent (const std::string &pathname) const |
Similar to the templatized getComponent(), except this returns the component as the generic Component type. More... | |
template<class C = Component> | |
C & | updComponent (const std::string &name) |
Get a writable reference to a subcomponent. More... | |
template<class C = Component> | |
C & | updComponent (const ComponentPath &name) |
Component & | updComponent (const std::string &pathname) |
Similar to the templatized updComponent(), except this returns the component as the generic Component type. More... | |
unsigned | printComponentsMatching (const std::string &substring) const |
Print a list to the console of all components whose absolute path name contains the given string. More... | |
int | getNumStateVariables () const |
Get the number of "continuous" state variables maintained by the Component and its subcomponents. More... | |
Array< std::string > | getStateVariableNames () const |
Get the names of "continuous" state variables maintained by the Component and its subcomponents. More... | |
template<class C = Component> | |
const C * | findComponent (const ComponentPath &pathToFind) const |
Find a Component to which this Component is an ancestor—in other words, a Component that is directly owned by this Component or is owned by one of its sub-components, sub-sub-components, etc. More... | |
template<class C = Component> | |
const C * | findComponent (const std::string &pathToFind) const |
Same as findComponent(const ComponentPath&), but accepting a string (a path or just a name) as input. More... | |
const StateVariable * | traverseToStateVariable (const std::string &pathName) const |
Get a StateVariable anywhere in the Component tree, given a StateVariable path. More... | |
void | finalizeFromProperties () |
Define a Component's internal data members and structure according to its properties. More... | |
void | finalizeConnections (Component &root) |
Satisfy the Component's connections specified by its Sockets and Inputs. More... | |
void | clearConnections () |
Disconnect/clear this Component from its aggregate component. More... | |
void | addToSystem (SimTK::MultibodySystem &system) const |
Have the Component add itself to the underlying computational System. More... | |
void | initStateFromProperties (SimTK::State &state) const |
Initialize Component's state variable values from its properties. More... | |
void | setPropertiesFromState (const SimTK::State &state) |
Set Component's properties given a state. More... | |
int | getNumSockets () const |
Get the number of Sockets in this Component. More... | |
std::vector< std::string > | getSocketNames () |
Collect and return the names of the sockets in this component. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
const T & | getConnectee (const std::string &name) const |
Get the "connectee" object that the Component's Socket is bound to. More... | |
const Object & | getConnectee (const std::string &name) const |
Get the connectee as an Object. More... | |
const AbstractSocket & | getSocket (const std::string &name) const |
Get an AbstractSocket for the given socket name. More... | |
AbstractSocket & | updSocket (const std::string &name) |
Get a writable reference to the AbstractSocket for the given socket name. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
const Socket< T > & | getSocket (const std::string &name) const |
Get a const reference to the concrete Socket provided by this Component by name. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
Socket< T > & | updSocket (const std::string &name) |
Get a writable reference to the concrete Socket provided by this Component by name. More... | |
void | printSubcomponentInfo () const |
List all subcomponents by name and recurse into these components to list their subcomponents, and so on. More... | |
void | printSocketInfo () const |
List all the Sockets of this component and whether or not they are connected. More... | |
void | printInputInfo () const |
List all the inputs of this component and whether or not they are connected. More... | |
template<typename C > | |
void | printSubcomponentInfo () const |
void | printOutputInfo (const bool includeDescendants=true) const |
Print outputs of this component and optionally, those of all subcomponents. More... | |
int | getNumInputs () const |
Access the number of Inputs that this component has. More... | |
int | getNumOutputs () const |
Access the number of Outputs that this component has. More... | |
std::vector< std::string > | getInputNames () const |
Collect and return the names of Inputs in this component as an std::vector. More... | |
std::vector< std::string > | getOutputNames () const |
Collect and return the names of Outputs in this component as an std::vector. More... | |
const AbstractInput & | getInput (const std::string &name) const |
Get an Input provided by this Component by name. More... | |
AbstractInput & | updInput (const std::string &name) |
Get a writable reference to an Input provided by this Component by name. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
const Input< T > & | getInput (const std::string &name) const |
Get a concrete Input that you can directly ask for its values. More... | |
const AbstractOutput & | getOutput (const std::string &name) const |
Get the Output provided by this Component by name. More... | |
AbstractOutput & | updOutput (const std::string &name) |
Get a writable reference to an Output provided by this Component by name. More... | |
SimTK::IteratorRange< OutputConstIterator > | getOutputs () const |
Iterate through all Outputs of this component. More... | |
void | assign (Object &aObject) override |
This allows copy assignment in the Java GUI. More... | |
int | getModelingOption (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const |
Get a ModelingOption flag for this Component by name. More... | |
void | setModelingOption (SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name, int flag) const |
Set the value of a ModelingOption flag for this Component. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
const T & | getInputValue (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const |
Get the Input value that this component is dependent on. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
const T & | getOutputValue (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const |
Get the Output value provided by this Component by name. More... | |
double | getStateVariableValue (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const |
Get the value of a state variable allocated by this Component. More... | |
void | setStateVariableValue (SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name, double value) const |
Set the value of a state variable allocated by this Component by name. More... | |
SimTK::Vector | getStateVariableValues (const SimTK::State &state) const |
Get all values of the state variables allocated by this Component. More... | |
void | setStateVariableValues (SimTK::State &state, const SimTK::Vector &values) const |
Set all values of the state variables allocated by this Component. More... | |
double | getStateVariableDerivativeValue (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const |
Get the value of a state variable derivative computed by this Component. More... | |
double | getDiscreteVariableValue (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const |
Get the value of a discrete variable allocated by this Component by name. More... | |
void | setDiscreteVariableValue (SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name, double value) const |
Set the value of a discrete variable allocated by this Component by name. More... | |
template<class T > | |
SimTK::CacheEntryIndex | getCacheVariableIndex (const CacheVariable< T > &cv) const |
Get the index of a Component's cache variable in the Subsystem for allocations. More... | |
SimTK::CacheEntryIndex | getCacheVariableIndex (const std::string &name) const |
Get the index of a Component's cache variable in the Subsystem for allocations. More... | |
template<class T > | |
const T & | getCacheVariableValue (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const |
Get the value of a cache variable allocated by this Component by name. More... | |
template<class T > | |
const T & | getCacheVariableValue (const SimTK::State &state, const CacheVariable< T > &cv) const |
Get the value of a cache variable allocated by this Component. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
void | setCacheVariableValue (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &k, T value) const |
Set the value of a cache variable, identified by name , to a new value and mark the cache variable as valid. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
void | setCacheVariableValue (const SimTK::State &state, const CacheVariable< T > &cv, T value) const |
Set the value of a cache variable to a new value and mark the cache variable as valid. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
T & | updCacheVariableValue (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const |
Returns a mutable reference to the value of a cache variable identified by name . More... | |
template<typename T > | |
T & | updCacheVariableValue (const SimTK::State &state, const CacheVariable< T > &cv) const |
Returns a mutable reference to the value of a cache variable. More... | |
bool | isCacheVariableValid (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const |
Returns true if the cache variable, identified by name , is valid. More... | |
template<class T > | |
bool | isCacheVariableValid (const SimTK::State &state, const CacheVariable< T > &cv) const |
Returns true if the cache variable is valid. More... | |
void | markCacheVariableValid (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const |
Marks the value of a cache variable, identified by name , as valid. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
void | markCacheVariableValid (const SimTK::State &state, const CacheVariable< T > &cv) const |
Marks the value of a cache variable as valid. More... | |
void | markCacheVariableInvalid (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const |
Marks the value of a cache variable, identified by name , as invalid. More... | |
template<class T > | |
void | markCacheVariableInvalid (const SimTK::State &state, const CacheVariable< T > &cv) const |
Marks the value of a cache variable as invalid. More... | |
const Component & | getOwner () const |
Access the owner of this Component. More... | |
bool | hasOwner () const |
(For advanced users) Check if this Component has an owner. More... | |
const Component & | getRoot () const |
Obtain the root Component, which is this component if it is orphaned. More... | |
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virtual | ~Object () |
Virtual destructor for cleanup. More... | |
bool | isEqualTo (const Object &aObject) const |
Equality operator wrapper for use from languages not supporting operator overloading. More... | |
Object & | operator= (const Object &aObject) |
Copy assignment copies he base class fields, including the properties. More... | |
virtual bool | operator== (const Object &aObject) const |
Determine if two objects are equal. More... | |
virtual bool | operator< (const Object &aObject) const |
Provide an ordering for objects so they can be put in sorted containers. More... | |
void | setName (const std::string &name) |
Set the name of the Object. More... | |
const std::string & | getName () const |
Get the name of this Object. More... | |
void | setDescription (const std::string &description) |
Set description, a one-liner summary. More... | |
const std::string & | getDescription () const |
Get description, a one-liner summary. More... | |
const std::string & | getAuthors () const |
Get Authors of this Object. More... | |
void | setAuthors (const std::string &authors) |
Set Authors of this object. More... | |
const std::string & | getReferences () const |
Get references or publications to cite if using this object. More... | |
void | setReferences (const std::string &references) |
Set references or publications to cite if using this object. More... | |
int | getNumProperties () const |
Determine how many properties are stored with this Object. More... | |
const AbstractProperty & | getPropertyByIndex (int propertyIndex) const |
Get a const reference to a property by its index number, returned as an AbstractProperty. More... | |
AbstractProperty & | updPropertyByIndex (int propertyIndex) |
Get a writable reference to a property by its index number, returned as an AbstractProperty. More... | |
bool | hasProperty (const std::string &name) const |
Return true if this Object has a property of any type with the given name, which must not be empty. More... | |
const AbstractProperty & | getPropertyByName (const std::string &name) const |
Get a const reference to a property by its name, returned as an AbstractProperty. More... | |
AbstractProperty & | updPropertyByName (const std::string &name) |
Get a writable reference to a property by its name, returned as an AbstractProperty. More... | |
template<class T > | |
bool | hasProperty () const |
Return true if this Object contains an unnamed, one-object property that contains objects of the given template type T. More... | |
template<class T > | |
const Property< T > & | getProperty (const PropertyIndex &index) const |
Get property of known type Property<T> as a const reference; the property must be present and have the right type. More... | |
template<class T > | |
Property< T > & | updProperty (const PropertyIndex &index) |
Get property of known type Property<T> as a writable reference; the property must be present and have the right type. More... | |
bool | isObjectUpToDateWithProperties () const |
Returns true if no property's value has changed since the last time setObjectIsUpToDateWithProperties() was called. More... | |
void | readObjectFromXMLNodeOrFile (SimTK::Xml::Element &objectElement, int versionNumber) |
We're given an XML element from which we are to populate this Object. More... | |
void | updateXMLNode (SimTK::Xml::Element &parent, const AbstractProperty *prop=nullptr) const |
Serialize this object into the XML node that represents it. More... | |
bool | getInlined () const |
Inlined means an in-memory Object that is not associated with an XMLDocument. More... | |
void | setInlined (bool aInlined, const std::string &aFileName="") |
Mark this as inlined or not and optionally provide a file name to associate with the new XMLDocument for the non-inline case. More... | |
std::string | getDocumentFileName () const |
If there is a document associated with this object then return the file name maintained by the document. More... | |
int | getDocumentFileVersion () const |
If there is a document associated with this object then return its version number. More... | |
void | setAllPropertiesUseDefault (bool aUseDefault) |
bool | print (const std::string &fileName) const |
Write this Object into an XML file of the given name; conventionally the suffix to use is ".osim". More... | |
std::string | dump () const |
dump the XML representation of this Object into an std::string and return it. More... | |
virtual bool | isA (const char *type) const |
The default implementation returns true only if the supplied string is "Object"; each Object-derived class overrides this to match its own class name. More... | |
const std::string & | toString () const |
Wrapper to be used on Java side to display objects in tree; this returns just the object's name. More... | |
PropertySet & | getPropertySet () |
OBSOLETE: Get a reference to the PropertySet maintained by the Object. More... | |
const PropertySet & | getPropertySet () const |
Public Types | |
typedef Blankevoort1991Ligament | Self |
This typedef might be useful within the member functions of this class. More... | |
typedef Force | Super |
Use this typedef to refer to the superclass of this class. More... | |
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typedef Force | Self |
This typedef might be useful within the member functions of this class. More... | |
typedef ModelComponent | Super |
Use this typedef to refer to the superclass of this class. More... | |
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typedef ModelComponent | Self |
This typedef might be useful within the member functions of this class. More... | |
typedef Component | Super |
Use this typedef to refer to the superclass of this class. More... | |
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typedef Component | Self |
This typedef might be useful within the member functions of this class. More... | |
typedef Object | Super |
Use this typedef to refer to the superclass of this class. More... | |
typedef std::map< std::string, SimTK::ClonePtr< AbstractOutput > >::const_iterator | OutputConstIterator |
Define OutputConstIterator for convenience. More... | |
Protected Member Functions | |
void | extendFinalizeFromProperties () override |
Perform any time-invariant calculations, data structure initializations, or other configuration based on the component's properties to form a functioning (but not yet connected) component. More... | |
void | extendAddToSystem (SimTK::MultibodySystem &system) const override |
Add appropriate Simbody elements (if needed) to the System corresponding to this component and specify needed state resources. More... | |
double | calcSpringForce (const SimTK::State &state) const |
double | calcDampingForce (const SimTK::State &state) const |
double | calcTotalForce (const SimTK::State &state) const |
double | calcInverseForceStrainCurve (double force) const |
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Force () | |
Default constructor sets up Force-level properties; can only be called from a derived class constructor. More... | |
Force (SimTK::Xml::Element &node) | |
Deserialization from XML, necessary so that derived classes can (de)serialize. More... | |
void | extendInitStateFromProperties (SimTK::State &state) const override |
Subclass should override; be sure to invoke Super::extendInitStateFromProperties() at the beginning of the overriding method. More... | |
void | extendAddToSystem (SimTK::MultibodySystem &system) const override |
Default is to create a ForceAdapter which is a SimTK::Force::Custom as the underlying computational component. More... | |
void | extendSetPropertiesFromState (const SimTK::State &state) override |
Subclass should override; be sure to invoke Force::extendSetPropertiesFromState() at the beginning of the overriding method. More... | |
void | applyForceToPoint (const SimTK::State &state, const PhysicalFrame &body, const SimTK::Vec3 &point, const SimTK::Vec3 &force, SimTK::Vector_< SimTK::SpatialVec > &bodyForces) const |
Apply a force at a particular point (a "station") on a given body. More... | |
void | applyTorque (const SimTK::State &state, const PhysicalFrame &body, const SimTK::Vec3 &torque, SimTK::Vector_< SimTK::SpatialVec > &bodyForces) const |
Apply a torque to a particular body. More... | |
void | applyGeneralizedForce (const SimTK::State &state, const Coordinate &coord, double force, SimTK::Vector &generalizedForces) const |
Apply a generalized force. More... | |
void | updateFromXMLNode (SimTK::Xml::Element &node, int versionNumber) override |
Handle a change in XML syntax for Sockets. More... | |
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const SimTK::Vec3 & | getScaleFactors (const ScaleSet &scaleSet, const Frame &frame) const |
Get the scale factors corresponding to the base OpenSim::Body of the specified Frame. More... | |
virtual void | extendPreScale (const SimTK::State &s, const ScaleSet &scaleSet) |
Perform any computations that must occur before ModelComponent::scale() is invoked on all ModelComponents in the Model. More... | |
virtual void | extendScale (const SimTK::State &s, const ScaleSet &scaleSet) |
Scale the ModelComponent. More... | |
void | updateFromXMLNode (SimTK::Xml::Element &aNode, int versionNumber) override |
Handle a change in XML syntax for Sockets. More... | |
void | extendFinalizeFromProperties () override |
Perform any time-invariant calculations, data structure initializations, or other configuration based on the component's properties to form a functioning (but not yet connected) component. More... | |
virtual void | extendConnectToModel (Model &model) |
Perform any necessary initializations required to connect the component into the Model, and check for error conditions. More... | |
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SimTK_DEFINE_UNIQUE_INDEX_TYPE (MemberSubcomponentIndex) | |
template<class C = Component> | |
MemberSubcomponentIndex | constructSubcomponent (const std::string &name) |
Construct a subcomponent as a data member of this Component. More... | |
template<class C = Component> | |
const C & | getMemberSubcomponent (MemberSubcomponentIndex ix) const |
template<class C = Component> | |
C & | updMemberSubcomponent (MemberSubcomponentIndex ix) |
void | adoptSubcomponent (Component *subcomponent) |
Adopt a component as a subcomponent of this Component. More... | |
size_t | getNumImmediateSubcomponents () const |
Get the number of Subcomponents immediately owned by this Component. More... | |
size_t | getNumMemberSubcomponents () const |
Get the number of Subcomponents that are data members of this Component. More... | |
size_t | getNumPropertySubcomponents () const |
Get the number of Subcomponents that are properties of this Component. More... | |
size_t | getNumAdoptedSubcomponents () const |
Get the number of Subcomponents adopted by this Component. More... | |
std::vector< SimTK::ReferencePtr< const Component > > | getImmediateSubcomponents () const |
Access this Component's immediate subcomponents (not those owned by subcomponents) More... | |
template<class C > | |
const C * | traversePathToComponent (ComponentPath path) const |
void | setNextSubcomponentInSystem (const Component &sub) const |
Helper method to enable Component makers to specify the order of their subcomponents to be added to the System during addToSystem(). More... | |
void | resetSubcomponentOrder () |
resetSubcomponentOrder clears this Component's list of ordered subcomponents (but otherwise leaves subcomponents untouched). More... | |
const Component & | get_components (int i) const |
Get the value of the i-th element of the components property. More... | |
Component & | upd_components (int i) |
Get a writable reference to the i-th element of the components property. More... | |
void | set_components (int i, const Component &value) |
Set the value of the i-th element of components property. More... | |
int | append_components (const Component &value) |
Append an element to the components property. More... | |
virtual void | extendAddComponent (Component *subcomponent) |
Perform any secondary operations, e.g. More... | |
void | initComponentTreeTraversal (const Component &root) const |
Build the tree of Components from this component through its descendants. More... | |
virtual void | extendAddToSystemAfterSubcomponents (SimTK::MultibodySystem &system) const |
Add appropriate Simbody elements (if needed) to the System after your component's subcomponents have had a chance to add themselves to the system. More... | |
virtual void | computeStateVariableDerivatives (const SimTK::State &s) const |
If a model component has allocated any continuous state variables using the addStateVariable() method, then computeStateVariableDerivatives() must be implemented to provide time derivatives for those states. More... | |
void | setStateVariableDerivativeValue (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name, double deriv) const |
Set the derivative of a state variable by name when computed inside of this Component's computeStateVariableDerivatives() method. More... | |
virtual void | extendRealizeTopology (SimTK::State &state) const |
Obtain state resources that are needed unconditionally, and perform computations that depend only on the system topology. More... | |
virtual void | extendRealizeModel (SimTK::State &state) const |
Obtain and name state resources (like state variables allocated by an underlying Simbody component) that may be needed, depending on modeling options. More... | |
virtual void | extendRealizeInstance (const SimTK::State &state) const |
Perform computations that depend only on instance variables, like lengths and masses. More... | |
virtual void | extendRealizeTime (const SimTK::State &state) const |
Perform computations that depend only on time and earlier stages. More... | |
virtual void | extendRealizePosition (const SimTK::State &state) const |
Perform computations that depend only on position-level state variables and computations performed in earlier stages (including time). More... | |
virtual void | extendRealizeVelocity (const SimTK::State &state) const |
Perform computations that depend only on velocity-level state variables and computations performed in earlier stages (including position, and time). More... | |
virtual void | extendRealizeDynamics (const SimTK::State &state) const |
Perform computations (typically forces) that may depend on dynamics-stage state variables, and on computations performed in earlier stages (including velocity, position, and time), but not on other forces, accelerations, constraint multipliers, or reaction forces. More... | |
virtual void | extendRealizeAcceleration (const SimTK::State &state) const |
Perform computations that may depend on applied forces. More... | |
virtual void | extendRealizeReport (const SimTK::State &state) const |
Perform computations that may depend on anything but are only used for reporting and cannot affect subsequent simulation behavior. More... | |
void | addModelingOption (const std::string &optionName, int maxFlagValue) const |
Add a modeling option (integer flag stored in the State) for use by this Component. More... | |
void | addStateVariable (const std::string &stateVariableName, const SimTK::Stage &invalidatesStage=SimTK::Stage::Dynamics, bool isHidden=false) const |
Add a continuous system state variable belonging to this Component, and assign a name by which to refer to it. More... | |
void | addStateVariable (Component::StateVariable *stateVariable) const |
The above method provides a convenient interface to this method, which automatically creates an 'AddedStateVariable' and allocates resources in the SimTK::State for this variable. More... | |
void | addDiscreteVariable (const std::string &discreteVariableName, SimTK::Stage invalidatesStage) const |
Add a system discrete variable belonging to this Component, give it a name by which it can be referenced, and declare the lowest Stage that should be invalidated if this variable's value is changed. More... | |
SimTK::MultibodySystem & | updSystem () const |
Get writable reference to the MultibodySystem that this component is connected to. More... | |
int | getStateIndex (const std::string &name) const |
Get the index of a Component's continuous state variable in the Subsystem for allocations. More... | |
SimTK::SystemYIndex | getStateVariableSystemIndex (const std::string &stateVariableName) const |
Get the System Index of a state variable allocated by this Component. More... | |
const SimTK::DiscreteVariableIndex | getDiscreteVariableIndex (const std::string &name) const |
Get the index of a Component's discrete variable in the Subsystem for allocations. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
PropertyIndex | constructSocket (const std::string &name, const std::string &propertyComment) |
Construct a specialized Socket for this Component's dependence on another Component. More... | |
template<typename T , typename CompType = Component> | |
bool | constructOutput (const std::string &name, T(CompType::*const memFunc)(const SimTK::State &) const, const SimTK::Stage &dependsOn=SimTK::Stage::Acceleration) |
Construct an output for a member function of the same component. More... | |
template<typename T , typename CompType = Component> | |
bool | constructOutput (const std::string &name, const T &(CompType::*const memFunc)(const SimTK::State &) const, const SimTK::Stage &dependsOn=SimTK::Stage::Acceleration) |
This variant handles component member functions that return the output value by const reference (const T&). More... | |
template<typename T , typename CompType > | |
bool | constructListOutput (const std::string &name, T(CompType::*const memFunc)(const SimTK::State &, const std::string &channel) const, const SimTK::Stage &dependsOn=SimTK::Stage::Acceleration) |
Construct an output that can have multiple channels. More... | |
bool | constructOutputForStateVariable (const std::string &name) |
Construct an Output for a StateVariable. More... | |
template<typename T > | |
PropertyIndex | constructInput (const std::string &name, bool isList, const std::string &propertyComment, const SimTK::Stage &requiredAtStage=SimTK::Stage::Instance) |
Construct an Input (socket) for this Component's dependence on an Output signal. More... | |
template<class T > | |
CacheVariable< T > | addCacheVariable (std::string name, T variablePrototype, SimTK::Stage dependsOnStage) const |
Add a state cache entry belonging to this Component to hold calculated values that must be automatically invalidated when certain state values change. More... | |
void | setOwner (const Component &owner) |
Set this Component's reference to its owning Component More... | |
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Object () | |
The default constructor is only for use by constructors of derived types. More... | |
Object (const std::string &fileName, bool aUpdateFromXMLNode=true) | |
Constructor from a file, to be called from other constructors that take a file as input. More... | |
Object (const Object &source) | |
Copy constructor is invoked automatically by derived classes with default copy constructors; otherwise it must be invoked explicitly. More... | |
Object (SimTK::Xml::Element &aElement) | |
Construct the base class portion of an Object from a given Xml element that describes this Object. More... | |
template<class T > | |
PropertyIndex | addProperty (const std::string &name, const std::string &comment, const T &value) |
Define a new single-value property of known type T, with the given name, associated comment, and initial value. More... | |
template<class T > | |
PropertyIndex | addOptionalProperty (const std::string &name, const std::string &comment) |
Add an optional property, meaning it can contain either no value or a single value. More... | |
template<class T > | |
PropertyIndex | addOptionalProperty (const std::string &name, const std::string &comment, const T &value) |
Add an optional property, meaning it can contain either no value or a single value. More... | |
template<class T > | |
PropertyIndex | addListProperty (const std::string &name, const std::string &comment, int minSize, int maxSize) |
Define a new list-valued property of known type T, with the given name, associated comment, minimum (==0) and maximum (>0) allowable list lengths, and a zero-length initial value. More... | |
template<class T , template< class > class Container> | |
PropertyIndex | addListProperty (const std::string &name, const std::string &comment, int minSize, int maxSize, const Container< T > &valueList) |
Define a new list-valued property as above, but assigning an initial value via some templatized container class that supports size() and indexing. More... | |
PropertyIndex | getPropertyIndex (const std::string &name) const |
Look up a property by name and return its PropertyIndex if it is found. More... | |
template<class T > | |
PropertyIndex | getPropertyIndex () const |
Look up an unnamed property by the type of object it contains, and return its PropertyIndex if it is found. More... | |
template<class T > | |
void | checkPropertyValueIsPositive (const Property< T > &p) const |
Throw an exception if any of the property's values are not positive. More... | |
template<class T > | |
void | checkPropertyValueIsInSet (const Property< T > &p, const std::set< T > &set) const |
Throw an exception if any of the property's values are not in the provided set. More... | |
template<class T > | |
void | checkPropertyValueIsInRangeOrSet (const Property< T > &p, const T &lower, const T &upper, const std::set< T > &set) const |
Throw an exception if any of the property's values are neither in the provided range nor in the provided set. More... | |
void | setObjectIsUpToDateWithProperties () |
When an object is initialized using the current values of its properties, it can set a flag indicating that it is up to date. More... | |
void | clearObjectIsUpToDateWithProperties () |
For testing or debugging purposes, manually clear the "object is up to
date with respect to properties" flag. More... | |
void | makeObjectNamesConsistentWithProperties () |
Make sure the name of an object is consistent with its property type. More... | |
void | updateFromXMLDocument () |
Use this method only if you're deserializing from a file and the object is at the top level; that is, primarily in constructors that take a file name as input. More... | |
void | setDocument (XMLDocument *doc) |
Unconditionally set the XMLDocument associated with this object. More... | |
const XMLDocument * | getDocument () const |
Get a const pointer to the document (if any) associated with this object. More... | |
XMLDocument * | updDocument () |
Get a writable pointer to the document (if any) associated with this object. More... | |
Auto-generated functions | |
static Blankevoort1991Ligament * | safeDownCast (OpenSim::Object *obj) |
For use in MATLAB and Python to access the concrete class. More... | |
static const std::string & | getClassName () |
This returns "Blankevoort1991Ligament". More... | |
void | assign (Object &aObject) override |
This allows copy assignment in the Java GUI. More... | |
Blankevoort1991Ligament * | clone () const override |
Create a new heap-allocated copy of the concrete object to which this Object refers. More... | |
const std::string & | getConcreteClassName () const override |
Returns the class name of the concrete Object-derived class of the actual object referenced by this Object, as a string. More... | |
Additional Inherited Members | |
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static Force * | safeDownCast (OpenSim::Object *obj) |
For use in MATLAB and Python to access the concrete class. More... | |
static const std::string & | getClassName () |
This returns "Force". More... | |
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static ModelComponent * | safeDownCast (OpenSim::Object *obj) |
For use in MATLAB and Python to access the concrete class. More... | |
static const std::string & | getClassName () |
This returns "ModelComponent". More... | |
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static Component * | safeDownCast (OpenSim::Object *obj) |
For use in MATLAB and Python to access the concrete class. More... | |
static const std::string & | getClassName () |
This returns "Component". More... | |
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static void | registerType (const Object &defaultObject) |
Register an instance of a class; if the class is already registered it will be replaced. More... | |
static void | renameType (const std::string &oldTypeName, const std::string &newTypeName) |
Support versioning by associating the current Object type with an old name. More... | |
static const Object * | getDefaultInstanceOfType (const std::string &concreteClassName) |
Return a pointer to the default instance of the registered (concrete) Object whose class name is given, or NULL if the type is not registered. More... | |
template<class T > | |
static bool | isObjectTypeDerivedFrom (const std::string &concreteClassName) |
Return true if the given concrete object type represents a subclass of the template object type T, and thus could be referenced with a T*. More... | |
static Object * | newInstanceOfType (const std::string &concreteClassName) |
Create a new instance of the concrete Object type whose class name is given as concreteClassName. More... | |
static void | getRegisteredTypenames (Array< std::string > &typeNames) |
Retrieve all the typenames registered so far. More... | |
template<class T > | |
static void | getRegisteredObjectsOfGivenType (ArrayPtrs< T > &rArray) |
Return an array of pointers to the default instances of all registered (concrete) Object types that derive from a given Object-derived type that does not have to be concrete. More... | |
static bool | PrintPropertyInfo (std::ostream &os, const std::string &classNameDotPropertyName, bool printFlagInfo=true) |
Dump formatted property information to a given output stream, useful for creating a "help" facility for registered objects. More... | |
static bool | PrintPropertyInfo (std::ostream &os, const std::string &className, const std::string &propertyName, bool printFlagInfo=true) |
Same as the other signature but the class name and property name are provided as two separate strings. More... | |
static Object * | makeObjectFromFile (const std::string &fileName) |
Create an OpenSim object whose type is based on the tag at the root node of the XML file passed in. More... | |
static const std::string & | getClassName () |
Return the name of this class as a string; i.e., "Object". More... | |
static void | setSerializeAllDefaults (bool shouldSerializeDefaults) |
Static function to control whether all registered objects and their properties are written to the defaults section of output files rather than only those values for which the default was explicitly overwritten when read in from an input file or set programmatically. More... | |
static bool | getSerializeAllDefaults () |
Report the value of the "serialize all defaults" flag. More... | |
static bool | isKindOf (const char *type) |
Returns true if the passed-in string is "Object"; each Object-derived class defines a method of this name for its own class name. More... | |
static void | setDebugLevel (int newLevel) |
Set the amount of logging output. More... | |
static int | getDebugLevel () |
Get the current setting of debug level. More... | |
static Object * | SafeCopy (const Object *aObject) |
Use the clone() method to duplicate the given object unless the pointer is null in which case null is returned. More... | |
static void | RegisterType (const Object &defaultObject) |
OBSOLETE alternate name for registerType(). More... | |
static void | RenameType (const std::string &oldName, const std::string &newName) |
OBSOLETE alternate name for renameType(). More... | |
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static const std::string | DEFAULT_NAME |
Name used for default objects when they are serialized. More... | |
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static void | prependComponentPathToConnecteePath (Component &subcomponent) |
For internal use. More... | |
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SimTK::ResetOnCopy< SimTK::ForceIndex > | _index |
ID for the force in Simbody. More... | |
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SimTK::ReferencePtr< Model > | _model |
The model this component belongs to. More... | |
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PropertySet | _propertySet |
OBSOLETE: Property_Deprecated set for serializable member variables of this and derived classes. More... | |
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static const SimTK::Vec3 | InvalidScaleFactors |
Returned by getScaleFactors() if the ScaleSet does not contain scale factors for the base Body associated with the specified Frame. More... | |
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#define | OpenSim_DECLARE_CONCRETE_OBJECT(ConcreteClass, SuperClass) |
Macro to be included as the first line of the class declaration for any non-templatized, concrete class that derives from OpenSim::Object. More... | |
#define | OpenSim_DECLARE_ABSTRACT_OBJECT(ConcreteClass, SuperClass) |
Macro to be included as the first line of the class declaration for any still-abstract class that derives from OpenSim::Object. More... | |
#define | OpenSim_DECLARE_CONCRETE_OBJECT_T(ConcreteClass, TArg, SuperClass) |
Macro to be included as the first line of the class declaration for any templatized, concrete class that derives from OpenSim::Object, like Set<T>. More... | |
#define | OpenSim_DECLARE_ABSTRACT_OBJECT_T(ConcreteClass, TArg, SuperClass) |
Macro to be included as the first line of the class declaration for any templatized, still-abstract class that derives from OpenSim::Object. More... | |
This class implements a nonlinear spring ligament model introduced by Blankevoort et al. (1991) [1] and further described in Smith et al. (2016) [2].
This model is partially based on the formulation orginally proposed by Wismans et al. (1980) [3]. The ligament is represented as a passive spring with the force-strain relationship described by a quadratic "toe" region at low strains and a linear region at high strains. The toe region represents the uncrimping and alignment of collagen fibers and the linear region represents the subsequent stretching of the aligned fibers. The ligament model also includes a damping force that is only applied if the ligament is stretched beyond the slack length and if the ligament is lengthening. The length of the ligament is \( l \).
Governing Equations
Spring Force:
\[ F_{\mathrm{spring}} = \begin{Bmatrix} 0 & \epsilon < 0 \\ \frac{1}{2\epsilon_t }k\epsilon^2 & 0 \leq \epsilon \leq \epsilon_t \\ k(\epsilon - \frac{\epsilon_t}{2})& \epsilon > \epsilon_t \end{Bmatrix} \]
Damping Force:
\[ F_{\mathrm{damping}} = \begin{Bmatrix} c\cdot \dot{\epsilon} & \epsilon > 0 \: and \: \dot{\epsilon} > 0 \\ 0 & otherwise \end{Bmatrix} \]
Total Force:
\[ F_{\mathrm{total}} = F_{\mathrm{spring}} + F_{\mathrm{damping}} \]
This Force component has the following properties:
The Blankevoort1991Ligament implementation is intended to be compatible with common methods in the literature for parameterizing ligament properties. The zero-load length of the ligament is parameterized by the slack_length property, which can be set directly, in meters, using set_slack_length(), or using setSlackLengthFromReferenceStrain() and setSlackLengthFromReferenceForce(). Here, reference strain and reference force are the strain or force in the ligament at a reference pose (state). If you want to compute the strain or force of the ligament in a given pose (state), you can use the getStrain() and getForce() methods. The linear_stiffness property has units of force/strain (newton) but can be set and obtained in units of force/length (newton/meter) using setLinearStiffnessForcePerLength() and getLinearStiffnessForcePerLength().
When scaling a model (using the ScaleTool) that contains a Blankevoort1991Ligament, the slack_length property is scaled by the ratio of the entire GeometryPath length in the default model pose before and after scaling the bone geometries. This ensures that the strain in the ligament in the default pose is equivilent before and after scaling. Thus, it is important to consider the order of scaling the model and setting the slack_length property for your specific application. The linear_stiffness property is not affected by scaling the model.
[1] Blankevoort, L. and Huiskes, R., (1991). Ligament-bone interaction in a three-dimensional model of the knee. J Biomech Eng, 113(3), 263-269
[2] Smith, C.R., Lenhart, R.L., Kaiser, J., Vignos, M.F. and Thelen, D.G., (2016). Influence of ligament properties on tibiofemoral mechanics in walking. J Knee Surg, 29(02), 99-106.
[3] Wismans, J.A.C., Veldpaus, F., Janssen, J., Huson, A. and Struben, P., (1980). A three-dimensional mathematical model of the knee-joint. J Biomech, 13(8), 677-685.
[4] Marra, M. A., Vanheule, V., Fluit, R., Koopman, B. H., Rasmussen, J., Verdonschot, N., & Andersen, M. S. (2015). A subject-specific musculoskeletal modeling framework to predict in vivo mechanics of total knee arthroplasty. Journal of biomechanical engineering, 137(2), 020904.
[5] Guess, T. M., Razu, S., & Jahandar, H. (2016). Evaluation of knee ligament mechanics using computational models. The journal of knee surgery, 29(02), 126-137.
[6] Li, G., Gil, J., Kanamori, A., & Woo, S. Y. (1999). A validated three-dimensional computational model of a human knee joint. Journal of biomechanical engineering, 121(6), 657-662.
[7] Ristaniemi, A., Stenroth, L., Mikkonen, S., & Korhonen, R. K. (2018). Comparison of elastic, viscoelastic and failure tensile material properties of knee ligaments and patellar tendon. Journal of biomechanics, 79, 31-38.
[8] Weiss, J. A., & Gardiner, J. C. (2001). Computational modeling of ligament mechanics. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 29(3).
[9] Martin, R. B., Burr, D. B., Sharkey, N. A., & Fyhrie, D. P. (2015). Mechanical properties of ligament and tendon. In Skeletal Tissue Mechanics (pp. 175-225). Springer, New York, NY.
[10] Pioletti, D. P., Rakotomanana, L. R., Benvenuti, J. F., & Leyvraz, P. F. (1998). Viscoelastic constitutive law in large deformations: application to human knee ligaments and tendons. Journal of biomechanics, 31(8), 753-757.
[11] Pioletti, D. P., Rakotomanana, L. R., & Leyvraz, P. F. (1999). Strain rate effect on the mechanical behavior of the anterior cruciate ligament-bone complex. Medical Engineering & Physics, 21(2), 95-100.
[12] Galbusera, F., Freutel, M., Durselen, L., D'Aiuto, M., Croce, D., Villa, T., Sansone, V. & Innocenti, B. (2014). Material models and properties in the finite element analysis of knee ligaments: a literature review. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2, 54.
This typedef might be useful within the member functions of this class.
This is generated by the OpenSim_DECLARE_*_OBJECT
macros.
Use this typedef to refer to the superclass of this class.
Avoid using the explicit type name of the superclass; this would introduce bugs if the superclass is changed.
This is generated by the OpenSim_DECLARE_*_OBJECT
macros.
OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::Blankevoort1991Ligament | ( | ) |
OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::Blankevoort1991Ligament | ( | std::string | name, |
const PhysicalFrame & | frame1, | ||
SimTK::Vec3 | point1, | ||
const PhysicalFrame & | frame2, | ||
SimTK::Vec3 | point2 | ||
) |
OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::Blankevoort1991Ligament | ( | std::string | name, |
const PhysicalFrame & | frame1, | ||
SimTK::Vec3 | point1, | ||
const PhysicalFrame & | frame2, | ||
SimTK::Vec3 | point2, | ||
double | linear_stiffness, | ||
double | slack_length | ||
) |
OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::Blankevoort1991Ligament | ( | std::string | name, |
double | linear_stiffness, | ||
double | slack_length | ||
) |
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inlineoverride |
This allows copy assignment in the Java GUI.
Exception | if the argument is not of type Blankevoort1991Ligament. |
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protected |
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protected |
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protected |
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protected |
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inlineoverridevirtual |
Create a new heap-allocated copy of the concrete object to which this Object refers.
It is up to the caller to delete the returned object when no longer needed. Every concrete object deriving from Object implements this pure virtual method automatically, via the declaration macro it invokes (e.g., OpenSim_DECLARE_CONCRETE_OBJECT()). Note that the concrete class overrides modify the return type to be a pointer to the concrete object; that still overrides the base class method because the return type is covariant with (that is, derives from) Object.
Implements OpenSim::Force.
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overridevirtual |
Subclasses must implement this method to compute the forces that should be applied to bodies and generalized speeds.
This is invoked by ForceAdapter to perform the force computation.
Reimplemented from OpenSim::Force.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::computeMomentArm | ( | const SimTK::State & | s, |
Coordinate & | aCoord | ||
) | const |
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overridevirtual |
Subclasses may optionally override this method to compute a contribution to the potential energy of the system.
The default implementation returns 0, which is appropriate for forces that do not contribute to potential energy.
Reimplemented from OpenSim::Force.
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overrideprotectedvirtual |
Add appropriate Simbody elements (if needed) to the System corresponding to this component and specify needed state resources.
extendAddToSystem() is called when the Simbody System is being created to represent a completed system (model) for computation. That is, connect() will already have been invoked on all components before any addToSystem() call is made. Helper methods for adding modeling options, state variables and their derivatives, discrete variables, and cache entries are available and can be called within extendAddToSystem() only.
Note that this method is const; you may not modify your model component or the containing model during this call. Any modifications you need should instead be performed in finalizeFromProperties() or at the latest connect(), which are non-const. The only exception is that you may need to record access information for resources you create in the system, such as an index number. For most Components, OpenSim base classes either provide convenience methods or handle indices automatically. Otherwise, you must declare indices as mutable data members so that you can set them here.
If you override this method, be sure to invoke the base class method at the beginning, using code like this:
This method assumes that this Component's addToSystem will be invoked before its subcomponents. If you need your subcomponents to be added to the system, first (e.g. require of a Force to be anchored to a SimTK::MobilizedBody specified by subcomponents) then you must implement: extendAddToSystemAfterSubcomponents(). It is possible to implement both method to add system elements before and then after your subcomponents have added themselves. Caution is required that Simbody elements are not added twice especially when order is unimportant.
[in,out] | system | The MultibodySystem being added to. |
Reimplemented from OpenSim::Component.
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overrideprotectedvirtual |
Perform any time-invariant calculations, data structure initializations, or other configuration based on the component's properties to form a functioning (but not yet connected) component.
For example, each property should be checked to ensure that its value is within an acceptable range. When this method returns, the component will be marked as being up-to-date with its properties. Do not perform any configuration that depends on the SimTK::MultibodySystem; it is not available at this point.
If you override this method, be sure to invoke the base class method first, using code like this:
Reimplemented from OpenSim::Component.
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overridevirtual |
Perform any computations that must occur after ModelComponent::scale() has been invoked on all ModelComponents in the Model.
This method is virtual and may be implemented by any subclass of ModelComponent, but all implementations must begin with a call to Super::extendPostScale()
to execute the parent class methods before the child class method. The base class implementation in ModelComponent does nothing.
Reimplemented from OpenSim::ModelComponent.
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Get the value of the damping_coefficient property.
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inline |
Get the value of the GeometryPath property.
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Get the value of the linear_stiffness property.
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Get the value of the slack_length property.
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Get the value of the transition_strain property.
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inlinestatic |
This returns "Blankevoort1991Ligament".
See getConcreteClassName() if you want the class name of the underlying concrete object instead.
This is generated by the OpenSim_DECLARE_*_OBJECT
macros.
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inlineoverridevirtual |
Returns the class name of the concrete Object-derived class of the actual object referenced by this Object, as a string.
This is the string that is used as the tag for this concrete object in an XML file. Every concrete class derived from Object automatically overrides this method via the declaration macro it uses. See getClassName() to get the class name of the referencing (possibly abstract) class rather than the concrete object.
Implements OpenSim::Force.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::getDampingCoefficientForceTimePerLength | ( | ) | const |
Get the damping_coefficient in units of force*time/length (N*s/m)
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::getDampingForce | ( | const SimTK::State & | state | ) | const |
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::getLength | ( | const SimTK::State & | state | ) | const |
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::getLengtheningSpeed | ( | const SimTK::State & | state | ) | const |
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::getLinearStiffnessForcePerLength | ( | ) | const |
Get the linear_stiffness property in units of force/length (N/m)
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overridevirtual |
Methods to query a Force for the value actually applied during simulation.
The names of the quantities (column labels) is returned by this first function getRecordLabels().
Reimplemented from OpenSim::Force.
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overridevirtual |
Given SimTK::State object extract all the values necessary to report forces, application location frame, etc.
used in conjunction with getRecordLabels and should return same size Array.
Reimplemented from OpenSim::Force.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::getSpringForce | ( | const SimTK::State & | state | ) | const |
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::getStrain | ( | const SimTK::State & | state | ) | const |
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::getStrainRate | ( | const SimTK::State & | state | ) | const |
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::getTotalForce | ( | const SimTK::State & | state | ) | const |
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::getTransitionLength | ( | ) | const |
Get the length (m) of the ligament where the model transitions from the toe region to the linear region.
This corresponds to the length of the ligament at the transistion_strain.
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inlinestatic |
For use in MATLAB and Python to access the concrete class.
Example: cObj = Blankevoort1991Ligament.safeDownCast(obj)
. This is equivalent to dynamic_cast<Blankevoort1991Ligament*>(obj)
in C++.
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Set the value of the damping_coefficient property.
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inline |
Set the value of the GeometryPath property.
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inline |
Set the value of the linear_stiffness property.
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Set the value of the slack_length property.
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inline |
Set the value of the transition_strain property.
void OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::setDampingCoefficientForceTimePerLength | ( | double | damping_coefficient | ) |
Set the damping_coefficient property using a value in units of force*time/length (N*s/m).
Note that scaling the model keeps the damping_coefficient property (in units force*time/strain) constant, thus the damping_coefficient in units of force*time/length input to this function will be altered by scaling.
void OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::setLinearStiffnessForcePerLength | ( | double | linear_stiffness | ) |
Set the linear_stiffness property using a value in units of force/length (N/m).
Note that scaling the model keeps the linear_stiffness property (in units of force/strain) constant, thus the linear_stiffness in units of force/length input to this function will be altered by scaling.
void OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::setSlackLengthFromReferenceForce | ( | double | force, |
const SimTK::State & | reference_state | ||
) |
Set the slack_length property using the absolute spring force (N) in the ligament at a known pose (reference force).
Note that scaling the model will adjust the slack_length property, thus it is important to consider the order of scaling and using this function for your application.
void OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::setSlackLengthFromReferenceStrain | ( | double | strain, |
const SimTK::State & | reference_state | ||
) |
Set the slack_length property using the strain in the ligament at a known pose (reference state).
Note that scaling the model will adjust the slack length property to hold the input reference strain constant if the input reference_state is equal to the default model pose (generated by initSystem()).
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Get a writable reference to the damping_coefficient property.
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Get a writable reference to the GeometryPath property.
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Get a writable reference to the linear_stiffness property.
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inline |
Get a writable reference to the slack_length property.
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inline |
Get a writable reference to the transition_strain property.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::damping_coefficient |
"The coefficient that multiplies the strain rate when computing the " " damping force. Units of N*s/strain. Default value of 0.003."
This property appears in XML files under the tag <damping_coefficient>. This property was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY macro; see Property to learn about the property system.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::damping_force |
Provides the value of getDampingForce() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Velocity .
This output was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_OUTPUT macro.
GeometryPath OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::GeometryPath |
"The set of points defining the path of the ligament"
This property appears in XML files under the tag <GeometryPath>. This property was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_UNNAMED_PROPERTY macro; see Property to learn about the property system.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::length |
Provides the value of getLength() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Position .
This output was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_OUTPUT macro.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::lengthening_speed |
Provides the value of getLengtheningSpeed() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Velocity .
This output was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_OUTPUT macro.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::linear_stiffness |
"The slope of the linear region of the force-strain curve. " "Units of force/strain (N)."
This property appears in XML files under the tag <linear_stiffness>. This property was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY macro; see Property to learn about the property system.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::slack_length |
"The length at which ligament begins developing tension. Units of m."
This property appears in XML files under the tag <slack_length>. This property was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY macro; see Property to learn about the property system.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::spring_force |
Provides the value of getSpringForce() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Position .
This output was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_OUTPUT macro.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::strain |
Provides the value of getStrain() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Position .
This output was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_OUTPUT macro.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::strain_rate |
Provides the value of getStrainRate() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Velocity .
This output was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_OUTPUT macro.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::total_force |
Provides the value of getTotalForce() and is available at stage SimTK::Stage::Velocity .
This output was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_OUTPUT macro.
double OpenSim::Blankevoort1991Ligament::transition_strain |
"The strain at which the ligament force-strain curve transitions from " "quadratic to linear. Units of strain. Default value of 0.06 (6%)."
This property appears in XML files under the tag <transition_strain>. This property was generated with the OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY macro; see Property to learn about the property system.