This page contains a literature review of currently available knee models based on finite element analysis. The [http://www.imagwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Working_Group_10#Standards_Proposal Standards proposal], developed by [http://www.imagwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Working_Group_10 Working Group 10 - Model Sharing and Standards] of [http://www.imagwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Main_Page Interagency Modeling and Analysis Group] is specialized for knee modeling, as a guideline for the review process.

TableOfContents

Review Guidelines

Identification & Description

• Model Name, Key words (generic and specific).

• Version.

• Simulation Software.

• Brief one or two line description.

• Detailed description, diagrams, equations.

• Reference to Publication describing the model.

• Pointer to the publication or pdf.

• Related Models, antecedents, comparables, and successors.

Model Structure & Content

• Domain definition (cells, mito, tissues, organ system, organism).

• Main variables (chemicals, pressures, etc.), with units.

• Parameters, with units, and with source references.

• Descriptions and references for subsidiary models.

• Source Code: Clear, deeply commented, explained, referenced.

• Inputs and outputs defined. All nodes and edges defined.

• Define linkage type (Chemical, electrical, mechanical,etc.).

• Ontology base for notation.

• Numerical solvers used, and conditions set.

• List of Modeling Assumptions.

• Subcomponents.

  • Formulation.

• Solution Strategy.

Verification

• Unitary Balance: (units on all variables and parameters).

• Mass balance: (list constituents whose conservation is checked).

• Charge balance: (ion currents, membrane potential).

• Osmotic balance: (volume, total activities, fluxes).

• Thermodynamic Balance (Haldane constraints on reactions).

• All equations correct, units balance, with all terms defined.

• Numerical solutions checked against analytical solutions.

• Running code supplied in a common format.

• Solutions show little dependence on time or space step size.

• Methods for verification defined. Reference model solution?.

• Attempt to Verify Simulation Software.

• Mesh Convergence.

Validation

• Initial and boundary conditions in accord with physiology.

• Data provided, and fitted by model.

• Model is predictive, shown to fit other data not used as basis.

• Parameters justified (sources provided) and evaluated.

• Availability of Direct Validation.

• Availability of Indirect Validation.

• Comparison with Experimental Data.

• Comparison with Literature.

• Procedure Validation with Simplified Representative Problem.

• Sensitivity Analysis.

Availability

• Website source from which to download model code and data.

• Website or email or address to accept queries.

• Website for public commentary and responses.

• References to subsequent publications or alternative models.

• Online Rating System.

• Licensing.

Studies on FEA of the Knee

Open Knee

The finite element representation used in the Open Knee projects is reviewed in here as an example. This will also serve an ongoing assessment of the scholarly status of the knee model under development.

References