Size: 6617
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Size: 8408
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Deletions are marked like this. | Additions are marked like this. |
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* 10 preconditioning cycles will be applied at 0.25 mm amplitude. | * 10 preconditioning cycles are applied at 0.25 mm amplitude. |
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* Once the ligaments have been separated for tissue testing sample preparation, the thicker ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL) are thinned for tensile test. This is done using a cryostat (Available at Histochemistry Core at Biomedical Engineering, CCF). The ligaments are thinned to be under 1 mm. * Once the thin segments are obtained, using a dummbell shaped punch, tensile testing samples are prepared. |
* Once the ligaments are separated for tissue testing sample preparation, the thicker ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL) will be thinned for tensile test. This is done using a cryostat (Available at Histochemistry Core at Biomedical Engineering, CCF). The ligaments will be thinned to be under 1 mm. * Once the thin segments are obtained, using a dummbell shaped punch, tensile testing samples will be prepared. |
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* Samples are taken from the mid-substance region of the ligaments and along the long axis of the fibers. | * Samples will be taken from the mid-substance region of the ligaments and along the long axis of the fibers. |
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* Once the samples are punched out, the thickness of the samples is measured. | * Once the samples are punched out, the thickness of the samples will be measured. |
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* The sample is placed in serrated metal clamps for mounting in the tissue testing machine. | * The sample will be placed in serrated metal clamps for mounting in the tissue testing machine. |
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* Tensile test * once the tibia and femur articular surfaces are exposed after dissection, rectangular strips of cartilage will be separated from the bone using a scalpel. * Using a 5 mm by 1 mm punch tensile samples will be obtained. * A vibratome will be used to obtain thin uniform thickness samples (settings will be optimized and reported). * The sample will be placed in serrated tensile clamps and the whole assembly will be fixed in a saline bath and kept at 37 °C during testing. * Stress relaxation tests will be conducted on each sample. * Confined compression * once the tibia and femur articular surfaces are exposed after dissection, rectangular strips of cartilage will separated from the bone using a scalpel. * A 5 mm diameter punch will be used to obtain cylindrical, full thickness cartilage samples. * A vibratome will be used to obtain uniform thickness samples (settings will be optimized and reported). * The sample will be placed in a confined compression chamber and the whole assembly will be fixed in a saline bath and kept at 37 °C during testing. * A stainless steel filter will be placed in the sample and an indentor will be used to compress the sample while it is enclosed in the compression chamber. * Stress relaxation tests will be conducted on each sample. |
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* Unconfined compression * Samples used in confined compression will be allowed to rest (no load) and will be reused in unconfined compression tests. * A vibratome will be used to obtain uniform thickness samples (settings will be optimized and reported). * The sample will be placed on a flat compression platform and the whole assembly will be fixed in a saline bath and kept at 37 °C during testing. * Stress relaxation tests will be conducted on each sample using a flat indentor. |
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* Confined compression and uniaxial tensile tests under stress relaxation condition at 5%,10% and 15% strain at 20%/s strain rate. |
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* Force-deformation behaviour |
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* Force-deformation behaviour |
Target Outcome
Material behavior for all primary and secondary tissues necessary for required representative constitutive models.
Prerequisites
Infrastructure
For more details see ["Infrastructure/ExperimentationMechanics"].
Previous Protocols
For more details see ["Specifications/Specimens"].
For more details see ["Specifications/ExperimentationAnatomicalImaging"]
For more details see ["Specifications/Registration"].
For more details see ["Specifications/SpecimenPreparation"].
For more details see ["Specifications/ExperimentationJointMechanics"]
Tissue types
Primary tissues
Cartilage
- Medial femoral condyle
- Lateral femoral condyle
- Medial tibial plateau
- Lateral tibial plateau
- Patellar groove / femoral groove
- Patella
Meniscus
- Medial meniscus
- Lateral meniscus
Ligaments
- Anterior collateral ligament
- Posterior collateral ligament
- Lateral collateral ligament
- Medial collateral ligament
- Patellar ligament
Tendon
- Quadriceps tendon
Secondary tissues
Capsule
- TBD
Protocols
Ligaments
Conditions
- Uniaxial tension
- Preload: 0.1 N (OR pre-stress value: TBD)
- 10 preconditioning cycles are applied at 0.25 mm amplitude.
- Stress relaxation: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% strain at 20%/s (OR 100%/s, TBD)
- Hold time after each strain application will be 60 min OR a rate change criterion will be set.
Measurements
- Force-deformation behaviour
Operating Procedure
- Once the ligaments are separated for tissue testing sample preparation, the thicker ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL) will be thinned for tensile test. This is done using a cryostat (Available at Histochemistry Core at Biomedical Engineering, CCF). The ligaments will be thinned to be under 1 mm.
- Once the thin segments are obtained, using a dummbell shaped punch, tensile testing samples will be prepared.
- The punch is 10 mm by 2mm between the flared sections used for clamping the tissue.
- MCL is thin enough to be punched without any further thinning.
- Samples will be taken from the mid-substance region of the ligaments and along the long axis of the fibers. attachment:mcl-sample.png Sample MCL
- Once the samples are punched out, the thickness of the samples will be measured.
- Decision is still pending on whether the thickness will be measured optically or using a constant-pressure (~0.001 MPa) linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT) probe.
- The sample will be placed in serrated metal clamps for mounting in the tissue testing machine.
- Sand paper and tissue adhesive will be used along with the metal clamps to prevent the test samples from slipping during the mechanical tests.
- Tests will be conducted on MA056-V500c material testing machine (Biomomentum Inc, Laval, Québec, Canada). attachment:mach1.png
- Specimens will be kept immersed in a saline bath and kept at 37 °C during testing.
- Stress relaxation tests will be conducted on each sample.
Cartilage
Conditions
- Uniaxial tension
- Preload: 0.05 N (OR pre-stress value: TBD)
- Stress relaxation: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% strain at 20%/s (OR 100%/s, TBD)
- Hold time after each strain application will be 45 min OR a rate change criterion will be set.
- Confined compression
- Preload: 0.05 N (OR pre-stress value: TBD)
- Stress relaxation: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% strain at 20%/s (OR 100%/s, TBD)
- Hold time after each strain application will be 45 min OR a rate change criterion will be set.
- Unconfined compression
- Preload: 0.05 N (OR pre-stress value: TBD)
- Stress relaxation: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% strain at 20%/s (OR 100%/s, TBD)
- Hold time after each strain application will be 45 min OR a rate change criterion will be set.
Measurements
- Force-deformation behaviour
Operating Procedure
- Tensile test
- once the tibia and femur articular surfaces are exposed after dissection, rectangular strips of cartilage will be separated from the bone using a scalpel.
- Using a 5 mm by 1 mm punch tensile samples will be obtained.
- A vibratome will be used to obtain thin uniform thickness samples (settings will be optimized and reported).
- The sample will be placed in serrated tensile clamps and the whole assembly will be fixed in a saline bath and kept at 37 °C during testing.
- Stress relaxation tests will be conducted on each sample.
- Confined compression
- once the tibia and femur articular surfaces are exposed after dissection, rectangular strips of cartilage will separated from the bone using a scalpel.
- A 5 mm diameter punch will be used to obtain cylindrical, full thickness cartilage samples.
- A vibratome will be used to obtain uniform thickness samples (settings will be optimized and reported).
- The sample will be placed in a confined compression chamber and the whole assembly will be fixed in a saline bath and kept at 37 °C during testing.
- A stainless steel filter will be placed in the sample and an indentor will be used to compress the sample while it is enclosed in the compression chamber.
- Stress relaxation tests will be conducted on each sample.
- Unconfined compression
- Samples used in confined compression will be allowed to rest (no load) and will be reused in unconfined compression tests.
- A vibratome will be used to obtain uniform thickness samples (settings will be optimized and reported).
- The sample will be placed on a flat compression platform and the whole assembly will be fixed in a saline bath and kept at 37 °C during testing.
- Stress relaxation tests will be conducted on each sample using a flat indentor.
Menisci
Conditions
- Uniaxial tension
- Preload: 0.05 N (OR pre-stress value: TBD)
- Stress relaxation: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% strain at 20%/s (OR 100%/s, TBD)
- Hold time after each strain application will be 45 min OR a rate change criterion will be set.
- Confined compression
- Preload: 0.05 N (OR pre-stress value: TBD)
- Stress relaxation: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% strain at 20%/s (OR 100%/s, TBD)
- Hold time after each strain application will be 45 min OR a rate change criterion will be set.
- Unconfined compression
- Preload: 0.05 N (OR pre-stress value: TBD)
- Stress relaxation: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% strain at 20%/s (OR 100%/s, TBD)
- Hold time after each strain application will be 45 min OR a rate change criterion will be set.
Measurements
- Force-deformation behaviour
Operating Procedure
Tendons
Conditions
- Uniaxial tension
- Preload: 0.1 N (OR pre-stress value: TBD)
- 10 preconditioning cycles will be applied at 0.25 mm amplitude.
- Stress relaxation: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% strain at 20%/s (OR 100%/s, TBD)
- Hold time after each strain application will be 60 min OR a rate change criterion will be set.
Measurements
- Force-deformation behaviour
Operating Procedure
Capsule
Conditions
Measurements
- Force-deformation behaviour
Operating Procedure
References
1. Seitz, Andreas Martin, Fabio Galbusera, Carina Krais, Anita Ignatius, and Lutz Dürselen. “Stress-relaxation Response of Human Menisci Under Confined Compression Conditions.” Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 26 (October 2013): 68–80. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.05.027. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175161611300204X
-- ["aerdemir"] DateTime(2013-10-15T13:42:41Z) I provided an outline above to help categorize activities.
-- ["aerdemir"] DateTime(2013-10-15T13:42:41Z) Should sample descriptions go to "Specifications/Specimens"? Ideally tissue-specific operating procedure should be followed for any given sample from that tissue.