# Copied from FrontPage by AE on April 16, 2018
- Open Knee(s) experimentation provides comprehensive anatomical imaging and joint mechanical testing data
- Anatomical Imaging
- General purpose imaging - 3D T1-weighted without fat suppression, isotropic voxel size (target 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm)
- Cartilage imaging - 3D T1-weighted with fat suppression - anisotropic voxel size (target 0.35 mm x 0.35 mm x 0.7 mm)
- Connective tissue imaging - Proton density - anisotropic voxel size (target 0.35 mm x 0.35 mm x 2.8 mm, acquired for three-orthogonal planes separately)
- Axial
- Sagittal
- Coronal
- Images include spherical registration markers (three for each bone).
See https://simtk.org/plugins/moinmoin/openknee/Specifications/ExperimentationAnatomicalImaging, for detailed description of protocols.
- Mechanical joint testing
- Tibiofemoral joint kinematics-kinetics
- Passive flexion (0°-90°)
- Joint laxity at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° flexion for internal-external rotation, varus-valgus, and anterior-posterior translation.
- Combined loading at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° flexion; permutations of internal-external rotation moments, varus-valgus moments, and anterior-posterior drawer forces.
- Patellofemoral joint kinematics-kinetics
- Patellofemoral mechanics under quadriceps loading at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° flexion.
- Tibiofemoral joint fixed at set flexion angle based on passive flexion response.
- Digitization data include anatomical landmarks and spherical registration markers (three for each bone).
See https://simtk.org/plugins/moinmoin/openknee/Specifications/ExperimentationJointMechanics, for a detailed description of protocols.
- Tibiofemoral joint kinematics-kinetics
- Proposed specimens
oks003 (primary candidate, female)
- 25 years old, female, left knee.
- All tissues of interest are visible in MRIs. All MRI sets are aligned. There are no obvious indications of tissue damage (including bones). Quality of joint mechanics data is acceptable, i.e. no obvious deviations from specifications. Mild cartilage degeneration is noted by a radiologist.
See specimen page at https://simtk.org/plugins/moinmoin/openknee/oks003.
oks008 (primary candidate, male)
- 40 years old, male, right knee.
- All tissues of interest are visible in MRIs. All MRI sets are aligned. There are no obvious indications of tissue damage (including bones). Quality of joint mechanics data is acceptable, i.e. no obvious deviations from specifications. No cartilage degeneration is noted by a radiologist.
See specimen page at https://simtk.org/plugins/moinmoin/openknee/oks008.
- oks006 (alternative candidate, female)
- 71 years old, female, right knee.
- All tissues of interest are visible in MRIs. All MRI sets are aligned. There are no obvious indications of tissue damage (including bones). Quality of joint mechanics data is acceptable, i.e. no obvious deviations from specifications. Moderate cartilage degeneration is noted by a radiologist.
See specimen page at https://simtk.org/plugins/moinmoin/openknee/oks006.
- oks001 (alternative candidate, male)
- 71 years old, male, right knee.
- All tissues of interest are visible in MRIs. All MRI sets are aligned. There are no obvious indications of tissue damage (including bones). Quality of joint mechanics data is acceptable, i.e. no obvious deviations from specifications. No cartilage degeneration is noted by a radiologist.
See specimen page at https://simtk.org/plugins/moinmoin/openknee/oks001.
- Anatomical Imaging
Specimen data from the University of Denver provides imaging and laxity data in the intact condition and following resection of the cruciate ligaments. See: https://simtk.org/projects/knee_model
- Anatomical Imaging
- CT: thickness: 0.6 mm; In-plane pixel spacing (mm): 0.390625 x 0.390625; In-plane resolution: 512 x 512; Tube Current: 186 mA; Peak kV: 120.
MRI:T2 trufi3d_we_SAG; thickness: 0.6 mm; in-plane pixel spacing (mm): 0.53125 x 0.53125; in-plane resolution: 320 x 320.
- Digitized landmarks
- A digitizing wand was used to probe locations on the bone, cartilage, and ligament attachments, including the femur bone, tibia bone, articular geometry of the femur cartilage, tibia cartilage, and patella cartilage, and ligament attachment sites of the LCL, MCL, ACL, and PCL.
- Mechanical joint testing
- Tibiofemoral joint kinematics-kinetics
- Passive flexion (0°-120°).
- Joint laxity at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, and 120° flexion for internal-external rotation, varus-valgus, and anterior-posterior translation.
- Passive flexion and laxity testing was repeated after resection of the ACL and then the PCL.
- See: Harris MD, Cyr AJ, Ali AA, Fitzpatrick CK, Rullkoetter P, Maletsky L, Shelburne KB. A combined experimental and computational approach to subjects-specific analysis of knee joint laxity. J Biomech Eng. 2016. 138(8).
- Patellofemoral joint kinematics-kinetics
- Patellofemoral mechanics under quadriceps loading as the tibia was flexed from 0° to 90° flexion.
- Patellofemoral measurements were repeated after resection of the ACL and then PCL.
- See: Ali AA, Shalhoub SS, Cyr AJ, Fitzpatrick CK, Maletsky LP, Rullkoetter PJ, Shelburne KB, 2016. Validation of predicted patellofemoral mechanics in a finite element model of the healthy and cruciate-deficient knee. J Biomech 49:302-9.
- Tibiofemoral joint kinematics-kinetics
- Proposed specimens
DU01 (primary candidate, male)
- 50 y/o; Sex: Male; Weight: 127.01 kg; Height: 175 cm; BMI: 41.35.
- There were no obvious indications of tissue damage. The specimen survived the complete protocol including tissue resections. Quality of joint mechanics data is acceptable, i.e. no obvious deviations.
See specimen page at https://simtk.org/projects/knee_model or https://digitalcommons.du.edu/natural_knee_data/1/
DU02 (primary candidate, male)
- 44 y/o; Sex: Male; Weight: 70.31 kg; Height: 183 cm; BMI: 21.02.
- There were no obvious indications of tissue damage. The specimen survived the complete protocol including tissue resections. Quality of joint mechanics data is acceptable, i.e. no obvious deviations.
See specimen page at https://simtk.org/projects/knee_model or https://digitalcommons.du.edu/natural_knee_data/2/.
- DU03 (alternative candidate, male)
- 72 y/o; Sex: Male; Weight: 77.11 kg; Height: 183 cm; BMI: 23.06.
- There were no obvious indications of tissue damage. The specimen survived the complete laxity protocol including tissue resections, however there is no ACL resected condition for quadriceps loading. Quality of joint mechanics data is acceptable, i.e. no obvious deviations.
See specimen page at https://simtk.org/projects/knee_model or https://digitalcommons.du.edu/natural_knee_data/3/.
- DU05 (alternative candidate, female)
- 37 y/o; Sex: Female; Weight: 54.43 kg; Height: 168 cm; BMI: 19.37.
- There were no obvious indications of tissue damage. The specimen survived the laxity protocol up through ACL resection, however there is no patellofemoral measurements for this specimen. Quality of joint mechanics data is acceptable, i.e. no obvious deviations.
See specimen page at https://simtk.org/projects/knee_model or https://digitalcommons.du.edu/natural_knee_data/5/.
- Anatomical Imaging