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OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle Class Reference

Implementation of a two state (activation and fiber-length) Muscle model by Thelen 2003. This a complete rewrite of a previous implementation (present in OpenSim 2.4 and earlier) contained numerous errors. More...

#include <Thelen2003Muscle.h>

Inheritance diagram for OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle:
OpenSim::ActivationFiberLengthMuscle OpenSim::Muscle OpenSim::PathActuator OpenSim::Actuator OpenSim::Actuator_ OpenSim::Force OpenSim::ModelComponent OpenSim::Object

Public Types

enum  CurveType { FiberActiveForceLength, FiberPassiveForceLength, FiberForceVelocity, TendonForceLength }
 

Public Member Functions

 Thelen2003Muscle ()
 
 Thelen2003Muscle (const std::string &aName, double aMaxIsometricForce, double aOptimalFiberLength, double aTendonSlackLength, double aPennationAngle)
 
double getActivationTimeConstant () const
 
double getMinimumActivation () const
 
double getDeactivationTimeConstant () const
 
double getFmaxTendonStrain () const
 
double getFmaxMuscleStrain () const
 
double getKshapeActive () const
 
double getKshapePassive () const
 
double getAf () const
 
double getFlen () const
 
double getForceVelocityExtrapolationThreshold () const
 
double getMinimumFiberLength () const
 
double getMaximumPennationAngle () const
 
bool setActivationTimeConstant (double aActivationTimeConstant)
 
bool setDeactivationTimeConstant (double aDeactivationTimeConstant)
 
bool setMinimumActivation (double aActivationMinValue)
 
bool setFmaxTendonStrain (double aFmaxTendonStrain)
 
bool setFmaxFiberStrain (double aFmaxMuscleStrain)
 
bool setKshapeActive (double aKShapeActive)
 
bool setKshapePassive (double aKshapePassive)
 
bool setAf (double aAf)
 
bool setFlen (double aFlen)
 
bool setForceVelocityExtrapolationThreshold (double aFvThresh)
 
const
MuscleFirstOrderActivationDynamicModel
getActivationModel () const
 
const
MuscleFixedWidthPennationModel
getPennationModel () const
 
void printCurveToCSVFile (const CurveType ctype, const std::string &path)
 
virtual double computeActuation (const SimTK::State &s) const override
 Actuator interface for a muscle computes the tension in the muscle and applied by the tendon to bones (i.e. More...
 
void computeInitialFiberEquilibrium (SimTK::State &s) const override
 Compute initial fiber length (velocity) such that muscle fiber and tendon are in static equilibrium and update the state. More...
 
Property declarations

These are the serializable properties associated with this class.

 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (activation_time_constant, double,"time constant for ramping up muscle activation")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (deactivation_time_constant, double,"time constant for ramping down of muscle activation")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (FmaxTendonStrain, double,"tendon strain at maximum isometric muscle force")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (FmaxMuscleStrain, double,"passive muscle strain at maximum isometric muscle force")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (KshapeActive, double,"shape factor for Gaussian active muscle force-length relationship")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (KshapePassive, double,"exponential shape factor for passive force-length relationship")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (Af, double,"force-velocity shape factor")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (Flen, double,"maximum normalized lengthening force")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (fv_linear_extrap_threshold, double,"fv threshold where linear extrapolation is used")
 
- Public Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::ActivationFiberLengthMuscle
 ActivationFiberLengthMuscle ()
 
double getDefaultActivation () const
 
void setDefaultActivation (double activation)
 
double getDefaultFiberLength () const
 
void setDefaultFiberLength (double length)
 
void setActivation (SimTK::State &s, double activation) const
 DEPRECATED: only for backward compatibility. More...
 
void setFiberLength (SimTK::State &s, double fiberLength) const
 
virtual Array< std::string > getStateVariableNames () const override
 Get the names of "continuous" state variables maintained by the ModelComponent and its subcomponents. More...
 
virtual SimTK::SystemYIndex getStateVariableSystemIndex (const std::string &stateVariableName) const override
 Get the System Index of a state variable allocated by this ModelComponent. More...
 
double getActivationRate (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (default_activation, double,"Assumed activation level if none is assigned.")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (default_fiber_length, double,"Assumed fiber length, unless otherwise assigned.")
 
- Public Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::Muscle
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (max_isometric_force, double,"Maximum isometric force that the fibers can generate")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (optimal_fiber_length, double,"Optimal length of the muscle fibers")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (tendon_slack_length, double,"Resting length of the tendon")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (pennation_angle_at_optimal, double,"Angle between tendon and fibers at optimal fiber length expressed in radians")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (max_contraction_velocity, double,"Maximum contraction velocity of the fibers, in optimal fiberlengths/second")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (ignore_tendon_compliance, bool,"Compute muscle dynamics ignoring tendon compliance. Tendon is assumed to be rigid.")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (ignore_activation_dynamics, bool,"Compute muscle dynamics ignoring activation dynamics. Activation is equivalent to excitation.")
 
 Muscle ()
 Default constructor. More...
 
double getMaxIsometricForce () const
 get/set the maximum isometric force (in N) that the fibers can generate More...
 
void setMaxIsometricForce (double maxIsometricForce)
 
double getOptimalFiberLength () const
 get/set the optimal length (in m) of the muscle fibers (lumped as a single fiber) More...
 
void setOptimalFiberLength (double optimalFiberLength)
 
double getTendonSlackLength () const
 get/set the resting (slack) length (in m) of the tendon that is in series with the muscle fiber More...
 
void setTendonSlackLength (double tendonSlackLength)
 
double getPennationAngleAtOptimalFiberLength () const
 get/set the angle (in radians) between fibers at their optimal fiber length and the tendon More...
 
void setPennationAngleAtOptimalFiberLength (double pennationAngle)
 
double getMaxContractionVelocity () const
 get/set the maximum contraction velocity of the fibers, in optimal fiber-lengths per second More...
 
void setMaxContractionVelocity (double maxContractionVelocity)
 
bool getIgnoreTendonCompliance (const SimTK::State &s) const
 Get/set Modeling (runtime) option to ignore tendon compliance when computing muscle dynamics. More...
 
void setIgnoreTendonCompliance (SimTK::State &s, bool ignore) const
 
bool getIgnoreActivationDynamics (const SimTK::State &s) const
 Get/set Modeling (runtime) option to ignore activation dynamics when computing muscle dynamics. More...
 
void setIgnoreActivationDynamics (SimTK::State &s, bool ignore) const
 
virtual double getActivation (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the activation level of the muscle, which modulates the active force of the muscle and has a normalized (0 to 1) value Note: method remains virtual to permit override by deprecated muscles. More...
 
double getFiberLength (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current working fiber length (m) for the muscle More...
 
double getPennationAngle (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current pennation angle (radians) between the fiber and tendon at the current fiber length More...
 
double getCosPennationAngle (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the cosine of the current pennation angle (radians) between the fiber and tendon at the current fiber length More...
 
double getTendonLength (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current tendon length (m) given the current joint angles and fiber length More...
 
double getNormalizedFiberLength (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current normalized fiber length (fiber_length/optimal_fiber_length) More...
 
double getFiberLengthAlongTendon (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current fiber length (m) projected (*cos(pennationAngle)) onto the tendon direction More...
 
double getTendonStrain (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current tendon strain (delta_l/tendon_slack_length is dimensionless) More...
 
double getFiberPotentialEnergy (const SimTK::State &s) const
 the potential energy (J) stored in the fiber due to its parallel elastic element More...
 
double getTendonPotentialEnergy (const SimTK::State &s) const
 the potential energy (J) stored in the tendon More...
 
double getMusclePotentialEnergy (const SimTK::State &s) const
 the total potential energy (J) stored in the muscle More...
 
double getPassiveForceMultiplier (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the passive fiber (parallel elastic element) force multiplier More...
 
double getActiveForceLengthMultiplier (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the active fiber (contractile element) force multiplier due to current fiber length More...
 
double getFiberVelocity (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get current fiber velocity (m/s) positive is lengthening More...
 
double getNormalizedFiberVelocity (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get normalize fiber velocity (fiber_lengths/s / max_contraction_velocity) More...
 
double getFiberVelocityAlongTendon (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current afiber velocity (m/s) projected onto the tendon direction More...
 
double getPennationAngularVelocity (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get pennation angular velocity (radians/s) More...
 
double getTendonVelocity (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the tendon velocity (m/s) positive is lengthening More...
 
double getForceVelocityMultiplier (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the dimensionless multiplier resulting from the fiber's force-velocity curve More...
 
double getFiberForce (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current fiber force (N) applied to the tendon More...
 
double getFiberForceAlongTendon (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the force of the fiber (N/m) along the direction of the tendon More...
 
double getActiveFiberForce (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current active fiber force (N) due to activation*force_length*force_velocity relationships More...
 
double getPassiveFiberForce (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current passive fiber force (N) passive_force_length relationship More...
 
double getActiveFiberForceAlongTendon (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current active fiber force (N) projected onto the tendon direction More...
 
double getPassiveFiberForceAlongTendon (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current passive fiber force (N) projected onto the tendon direction More...
 
double getTendonForce (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current tendon force (N) applied to bones More...
 
double getFiberStiffness (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current fiber stiffness (N/m) defined as the partial derivative of fiber force w.r.t. More...
 
double getFiberStiffnessAlongTendon (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the stiffness of the fiber (N/m) along the direction of the tendon, that is the partial derivative of the fiber force along the tendon with respect to small changes in fiber length along the tendon More...
 
double getTendonStiffness (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current tendon stiffness (N/m) defined as the partial derivative of tendon force w.r.t. More...
 
double getMuscleStiffness (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current muscle stiffness (N/m) defined as the partial derivative of muscle force w.r.t. More...
 
double getFiberActivePower (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current active fiber power (W) More...
 
double getFiberPassivePower (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current passive fiber power (W) More...
 
double getTendonPower (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current tendon power (W) More...
 
double getMusclePower (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the current muscle power (W) More...
 
double getStress (const SimTK::State &s) const
 get the stress in the muscle (part of the Actuator interface as well) More...
 
void setExcitation (SimTK::State &s, double excitation) const
 set the excitation (control) for this muscle. More...
 
double getExcitation (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
void equilibrate (SimTK::State &s) const
 Find and set the equilibrium state of the muscle (if any) More...
 
- Public Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::PathActuator
 PathActuator ()
 
GeometryPathupdGeometryPath ()
 
const GeometryPathgetGeometryPath () const
 
virtual bool hasGeometryPath () const
 Return a flag indicating whether the Force is applied along a Path. More...
 
void setOptimalForce (double aOptimalForce)
 
double getOptimalForce () const
 
virtual double getLength (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
virtual double getLengtheningSpeed (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
virtual double getPower (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
void addNewPathPoint (const std::string &proposedName, OpenSim::Body &aBody, const SimTK::Vec3 &aPositionOnBody)
 Note that this function does not maintain the State and so should be used only before a valid State is created. More...
 
virtual double computeMomentArm (const SimTK::State &s, Coordinate &aCoord) const
 
virtual void preScale (const SimTK::State &s, const ScaleSet &aScaleSet)
 
virtual void scale (const SimTK::State &s, const ScaleSet &aScaleSet)
 
virtual const VisibleObjectgetDisplayer () const
 Methods to support making the object displayable in the GUI or Visualizer Implemented only in few objects. More...
 
virtual void updateDisplayer (const SimTK::State &s) const
 In case the ModelComponent has a visual representation (VisualObject), override this method to update it. More...
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_UNNAMED_PROPERTY (GeometryPath,"The set of points defining the path of the muscle.")
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (optimal_force, double,"The maximum force this actuator can produce.")
 
- Public Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::Actuator
 Actuator ()
 
virtual double getControl (const SimTK::State &s) const
 Convenience method to set controls given scalar (double) valued control. More...
 
virtual int numControls () const
 
virtual void setForce (const SimTK::State &s, double aForce) const
 
virtual double getForce (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
virtual void setSpeed (const SimTK::State &s, double aspeed) const
 
virtual double getSpeed (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
void setMinControl (const double &aMinControl)
 
double getMinControl () const
 
void setMaxControl (const double &aMaxControl)
 
double getMaxControl () const
 
void overrideForce (SimTK::State &s, bool flag) const
 Enable/disable an Actuator's override force. More...
 
bool isForceOverriden (const SimTK::State &s) const
 return Actuator's override status More...
 
void setOverrideForce (SimTK::State &s, double value) const
 set the force value used when the override is true More...
 
double getOverrideForce (const SimTK::State &s) const
 return override force More...
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (min_control, double,"Minimum allowed value for control signal. Used primarily when solving ""for control values.")
 Default is -Infinity (no limit). More...
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (max_control, double,"Maximum allowed value for control signal. Used primarily when solving ""for control values.")
 Default is Infinity (no limit). More...
 
- Public Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::Actuator_
 Actuator_ ()
 
virtual const SimTK::Vector getDefaultControls ()
 Actuator default controls are zero. More...
 
virtual const
SimTK::VectorView_< double > 
getControls (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
virtual void getControls (const SimTK::Vector &modelControls, SimTK::Vector &actuatorControls) const
 Convenience methods for getting, setting and adding to actuator controls from/into the model controls. More...
 
virtual void setControls (const SimTK::Vector &actuatorControls, SimTK::Vector &modelControls) const
 set actuator controls subvector into the right slot in the system-wide model controls More...
 
virtual void addInControls (const SimTK::Vector &actuatorControls, SimTK::Vector &modelControls) const
 add actuator controls to the values already occupying the slot in the system-wide model controls More...
 
virtual void computeEquilibrium (SimTK::State &s) const
 
- Public Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::Force
 Force (const Force &aForce)
 Implements a copy constructor just so it can invalidate the SimTK::Force index after copying. More...
 
Forceoperator= (const Force &aForce)
 Implements a copy assignment operator just so it can invalidate the SimTK::Force index after the assignment. More...
 
bool isDisabled (const SimTK::State &s) const
 Return if the Force is disabled or not. More...
 
void setDisabled (SimTK::State &s, bool disabled) const
 Set the Force as disabled (true) or not (false). More...
 
 OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY (isDisabled, bool,"Flag indicating whether the force is disabled or not. Disabled means"" that the force is not active in subsequent dynamics realizations.")
 A Force element is active (enabled) by default. More...
 
- Public Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::ModelComponent
 ModelComponent ()
 Default constructor. More...
 
 ModelComponent (const std::string &aFileName, bool aUpdateFromXMLNode=true) SWIG_DECLARE_EXCEPTION
 Construct ModelComponent from an XML file. More...
 
 ModelComponent (SimTK::Xml::Element &aNode)
 Construct ModelComponent from a specific node in an XML document. More...
 
 ModelComponent (const ModelComponent &source)
 Construct ModelComponent with its contents copied from another ModelComponent; this is a deep copy so nothing is shared with the source after the copy. More...
 
virtual ~ModelComponent ()
 Destructor is virtual to allow concrete model component cleanup. More...
 
ModelComponentoperator= (const ModelComponent &aModelComponent)
 Assignment operator to copy contents of an existing component. More...
 
const ModelgetModel () const
 Get a const reference to the Model this component is part of. More...
 
ModelupdModel ()
 Get a modifiable reference to the Model this component is part of. More...
 
virtual int getNumStateVariables () const
 Get the number of "Continuous" state variables maintained by the ModelComponent and its specified subcomponents. More...
 
int getModelingOption (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const
 Get a ModelingOption flag for this ModelComponent by name. More...
 
void setModelingOption (SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name, int flag) const
 Set the value of a ModelingOption flag for this ModelComponent. More...
 
double getStateVariable (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const
 Get the value of a state variable allocated by this ModelComponent. More...
 
void setStateVariable (SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name, double value) const
 Set the value of a state variable allocated by this ModelComponent by name. More...
 
double getDiscreteVariable (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const
 Get the value of a discrete variable allocated by this ModelComponent by name. More...
 
void setDiscreteVariable (SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name, double value) const
 Set the value of a discrete variable allocated by this ModelComponent by name. More...
 
template<typename T >
const T & getCacheVariable (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const
 Get the value of a cache variable allocated by this ModelComponent by name. More...
 
template<typename T >
T & updCacheVariable (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const
 Obtain a writable cache variable value allocated by this ModelComponent by name. More...
 
void markCacheVariableValid (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const
 After updating a cache variable value allocated by this ModelComponent, you can mark its value as valid, which will not change until the realization stage falls below the minimum set at the time the cache variable was created. More...
 
void markCacheVariableInvalid (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const
 Mark a cache variable value allocated by this ModelComponent as invalid. More...
 
bool isCacheVariableValid (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name) const
 Enables the to monitor the validity of the cache variable value using the returned flag. More...
 
template<typename T >
void setCacheVariable (const SimTK::State &state, const std::string &name, const T &value) const
 Set cache variable value allocated by this ModelComponent by name. More...
 
- Public Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::Object
virtual ~Object ()
 Virtual destructor for cleanup. More...
 
virtual Objectclone () const =0
 Create a new heap-allocated copy of the concrete object to which this Object refers. More...
 
virtual const std::string & getConcreteClassName () const =0
 Returns the class name of the concrete Object-derived class of the actual object referenced by this Object, as a string. More...
 
virtual VisibleObjectupdDisplayer ()
 get Non const pointer to VisibleObject More...
 
bool isEqualTo (const Object &aObject) const
 Equality operator wrapper for use from languages not supporting operator overloading. More...
 
Objectoperator= (const Object &aObject)
 Copy assignment copies he base class fields, including the properties. More...
 
virtual bool operator== (const Object &aObject) const
 Determine if two objects are equal. More...
 
virtual bool operator< (const Object &aObject) const
 Provide an ordering for objects so they can be put in sorted containers. More...
 
void setName (const std::string &name)
 Set the name of the Object. More...
 
const std::string & getName () const
 Get the name of this Object. More...
 
void setDescription (const std::string &description)
 Set description, a one-liner summary. More...
 
const std::string & getDescription () const
 Get description, a one-liner summary. More...
 
const std::string & getAuthors () const
 Get Authors of this Object. More...
 
void setAuthors (const std::string &authors)
 Set Authors of this object, call this method in your constructor if needed. More...
 
const std::string & getReferences () const
 Get references or publications to cite if using this object. More...
 
void setReferences (const std::string &references)
 Set references or publications to cite if using this object. More...
 
int getNumProperties () const
 Determine how many properties are stored with this Object. More...
 
const AbstractPropertygetPropertyByIndex (int propertyIndex) const
 Get a const reference to a property by its index number, returned as an AbstractProperty. More...
 
AbstractPropertyupdPropertyByIndex (int propertyIndex)
 Get a writable reference to a property by its index number, returned as an AbstractProperty. More...
 
bool hasProperty (const std::string &name) const
 Return true if this Object has a property of any type with the given name, which must not be empty. More...
 
const AbstractPropertygetPropertyByName (const std::string &name) const
 Get a const reference to a property by its name, returned as an AbstractProperty. More...
 
AbstractPropertyupdPropertyByName (const std::string &name)
 Get a writable reference to a property by its name, returned as an AbstractProperty. More...
 
template<class T >
bool hasProperty () const
 Return true if this Object contains an unnamed, one-object property that contains objects of the given template type T. More...
 
template<class T >
const Property< T > & getProperty (const PropertyIndex &index) const
 Get property of known type Property<T> as a const reference; the property must be present and have the right type. More...
 
template<class T >
Property< T > & updProperty (const PropertyIndex &index)
 Get property of known type Property<T> as a writable reference; the property must be present and have the right type. More...
 
void setObjectIsUpToDateWithProperties ()
 When an object is initialized using the current values of its properties, it can set a flag indicating that it is up to date. More...
 
bool isObjectUpToDateWithProperties () const
 Returns true if no property's value has changed since the last time setObjectIsUpToDateWithProperties() was called. More...
 
void readObjectFromXMLNodeOrFile (SimTK::Xml::Element &objectElement, int versionNumber)
 We're given an XML element from which we are to populate this Object. More...
 
virtual void updateXMLNode (SimTK::Xml::Element &parent)
 Serialize this object into the XML node that represents it. More...
 
bool getInlined () const
 Inlined means an in-memory Object that is not associated with an XMLDocument. More...
 
void setInlined (bool aInlined, const std::string &aFileName="")
 Mark this as inlined or not and optionally provide a file name to associate with the new XMLDocument for the non-inline case. More...
 
std::string getDocumentFileName () const
 If there is a document associated with this object then return the file name maintained by the document. More...
 
void setAllPropertiesUseDefault (bool aUseDefault)
 
bool print (const std::string &fileName)
 Write this Object into an XML file of the given name; conventionally the suffix to use is ".osim". More...
 
std::string dump (bool dumpName=false)
 dump the XML representation of this Object into an std::string and return it. More...
 
void clearObjectIsUpToDateWithProperties ()
 For testing or debugging purposes, manually clear the "object is up to date with respect to properties" flag. More...
 
virtual bool isA (const char *type) const
 The default implementation returns true only if the supplied string is "Object"; each Object-derived class overrides this to match its own class name. More...
 
const std::string & toString () const
 Wrapper to be used on Java side to display objects in tree; this returns just the object's name. More...
 
PropertySetgetPropertySet ()
 OBSOLETE: Get a reference to the PropertySet maintained by the Object. More...
 
const PropertySetgetPropertySet () const
 

Protected Member Functions

void calcMuscleLengthInfo (const SimTK::State &s, MuscleLengthInfo &mli) const override
 calculate muscle's position related values such fiber and tendon lengths, normalized lengths, pennation angle, etc... More...
 
void calcFiberVelocityInfo (const SimTK::State &s, FiberVelocityInfo &fvi) const override
 calculate muscle's velocity related values such fiber and tendon velocities,normalized velocities, pennation angular velocity, etc... More...
 
void calcMuscleDynamicsInfo (const SimTK::State &s, MuscleDynamicsInfo &mdi) const override
 calculate muscle's active and passive force-length, force-velocity, tendon force, relationships and their related values More...
 
void calcMusclePotentialEnergyInfo (const SimTK::State &s, MusclePotentialEnergyInfo &mpei) const
 calculate muscle's fiber and tendon potential energy More...
 
double calcActivationRate (const SimTK::State &s) const override
 Calculate activation rate. More...
 
virtual void addToSystem (SimTK::MultibodySystem &system) const
 Model Component Interface. More...
 
virtual void initStateFromProperties (SimTK::State &s) const
 Subclass should override; be sure to invoke Force::initStateFromProperties() at the beginning of the overriding method. More...
 
virtual void setPropertiesFromState (const SimTK::State &state)
 Subclass should override; be sure to invoke Force::setPropertiesFromState() at the beginning of the overriding method. More...
 
virtual void connectToModel (Model &aModel)
 Perform any necessary initializations required to connect the component into the Model, and check for error conditions. More...
 
- Protected Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::ActivationFiberLengthMuscle
virtual void postScale (const SimTK::State &s, const ScaleSet &aScaleSet)
 
virtual void computeForce (const SimTK::State &state, SimTK::Vector_< SimTK::SpatialVec > &bodyForces, SimTK::Vector &generalizedForce) const
 Subclasses must implement this method to compute the forces that should be applied to bodies and generalized speeds. More...
 
virtual SimTK::Vector computeStateVariableDerivatives (const SimTK::State &s) const
 If a model component has allocated any continuous state variables using the addStateVariable() method, then computeStateVariableDerivatives() must be implemented to provide time derivatives for those states. More...
 
void setStateVariableDeriv (const SimTK::State &s, const std::string &aStateName, double aValue) const
 State derivative access helper methods. More...
 
double getStateVariableDeriv (const SimTK::State &s, const std::string &aStateName) const
 
- Protected Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::Muscle
const MuscleLengthInfogetMuscleLengthInfo (const SimTK::State &s) const
 Developer Access to intermediate values calculate by the muscle model. More...
 
MuscleLengthInfoupdMuscleLengthInfo (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
const FiberVelocityInfogetFiberVelocityInfo (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
FiberVelocityInfoupdFiberVelocityInfo (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
const MuscleDynamicsInfogetMuscleDynamicsInfo (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
MuscleDynamicsInfoupdMuscleDynamicsInfo (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
const MusclePotentialEnergyInfogetMusclePotentialEnergyInfo (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
MusclePotentialEnergyInfoupdMusclePotentialEnergyInfo (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
virtual void computeFiberEquilibriumAtZeroVelocity (SimTK::State &s) const
 Provide a quick estimate of the fiber length assuming the musculotendon unit velocity is zero. More...
 
void computeForce (const SimTK::State &state, SimTK::Vector_< SimTK::SpatialVec > &bodyForces, SimTK::Vector &generalizedForce) const override
 Force interface applies tension to bodies, and Muscle also checks that applied muscle tension is not negative. More...
 
double computePotentialEnergy (const SimTK::State &state) const override
 Potential energy stored by the muscle. More...
 
SimTK::Vec3 computePathColor (const SimTK::State &state) const override
 Override PathActuator virtual to calculate a preferred color for the muscle path based on activation. More...
 
void connectToModel (Model &aModel) override
 Model Component creation interface. More...
 
void addToSystem (SimTK::MultibodySystem &system) const override
 Default is to create a ForceAdapter which is a SimTK::Force::Custom as the underlying computational component. More...
 
void setPropertiesFromState (const SimTK::State &s) override
 Subclass should override; be sure to invoke Force::setPropertiesFromState() at the beginning of the overriding method. More...
 
void initStateFromProperties (SimTK::State &state) const override
 Subclass should override; be sure to invoke Force::initStateFromProperties() at the beginning of the overriding method. More...
 
virtual void updateGeometry (const SimTK::State &s)
 
- Protected Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::PathActuator
void connectToModel (Model &aModel) override
 Extension of parent class method; derived classes may extend further. More...
 
void realizeDynamics (const SimTK::State &state) const override
 Extension of parent class method; derived classes may extend further. More...
 
- Protected Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::Actuator
double computeOverrideForce (const SimTK::State &s) const
 
OpenSim::Array< std::string > getRecordLabels () const
 Methods to query a Force for the value actually applied during simulation The names of the quantities (column labels) is returned by this first function getRecordLabels() More...
 
OpenSim::Array< double > getRecordValues (const SimTK::State &state) const
 Given SimTK::State object extract all the values necessary to report forces, application location frame, etc. More...
 
- Protected Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::Actuator_
virtual void updateGeometry ()
 
- Protected Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::Force
 Force ()
 Default constructor sets up Force-level properties; can only be called from a derived class constructor. More...
 
 Force (SimTK::Xml::Element &node)
 Deserialization from XML, necessary so that derived classes can (de)serialize. More...
 
void applyForceToPoint (const SimTK::State &state, const OpenSim::Body &body, const SimTK::Vec3 &point, const SimTK::Vec3 &force, SimTK::Vector_< SimTK::SpatialVec > &bodyForces) const
 Apply a force at a particular point (a "station") on a given body. More...
 
void applyTorque (const SimTK::State &state, const OpenSim::Body &body, const SimTK::Vec3 &torque, SimTK::Vector_< SimTK::SpatialVec > &bodyForces) const
 Apply a torque to a particular body. More...
 
void applyGeneralizedForce (const SimTK::State &state, const Coordinate &coord, double force, SimTK::Vector &generalizedForces) const
 Apply a generalized force. More...
 
- Protected Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::ModelComponent
virtual void generateDecorations (bool fixed, const ModelDisplayHints &hints, const SimTK::State &state, SimTK::Array_< SimTK::DecorativeGeometry > &appendToThis) const
 Optional method for generating arbitrary display geometry that reflects this ModelComponent at the specified state. More...
 
virtual void realizeTopology (SimTK::State &state) const
 Obtain state resources that are needed unconditionally, and perform computations that depend only on the system topology. More...
 
virtual void realizeModel (SimTK::State &state) const
 Obtain state resources that may be needed, depending on modeling options, and perform computations that depend only on topology and selected modeling options. More...
 
virtual void realizeInstance (const SimTK::State &state) const
 Perform computations that depend only on instance variables, like lengths and masses. More...
 
virtual void realizeTime (const SimTK::State &state) const
 Perform computations that depend only on time and earlier stages. More...
 
virtual void realizePosition (const SimTK::State &state) const
 Perform computations that depend only on position-level state variables and computations performed in earlier stages (including time). More...
 
virtual void realizeVelocity (const SimTK::State &state) const
 Perform computations that depend only on velocity-level state variables and computations performed in earlier stages (including position, and time). More...
 
virtual void realizeAcceleration (const SimTK::State &state) const
 Perform computations that may depend on applied forces. More...
 
virtual void realizeReport (const SimTK::State &state) const
 Perform computations that may depend on anything but are only used for reporting and cannot affect subsequent simulation behavior. More...
 
void includeAsSubComponent (ModelComponent *aComponent)
 Include another ModelComponent as a Subcomponent of this ModelComponent. More...
 
void addModelingOption (const std::string &optionName, int maxFlagValue) const
 Add a modeling option (integer flag stored in the State) for use by this ModelComponent. More...
 
void addStateVariable (const std::string &stateVariableName, SimTK::Stage invalidatesStage=SimTK::Stage::Dynamics) const
 Add a continuous system state variable belonging to this ModelComponent, and assign a name by which to refer to it. More...
 
void addDiscreteVariable (const std::string &discreteVariableName, SimTK::Stage invalidatesStage) const
 Add a system discrete variable belonging to this ModelComponent, give it a name by which it can be referenced, and declare the lowest Stage that should be invalidated if this variable's value is changed. More...
 
template<class T >
void addCacheVariable (const std::string &cacheVariableName, const T &variablePrototype, SimTK::Stage dependsOnStage) const
 Add a state cache entry belonging to this ModelComponent to hold calculated values that must be automatically invalidated when certain state values change. More...
 
const int getStateIndex (const std::string &name) const
 Get the index of a ModelComponent's continuous state variable in the Subsystem for allocations. More...
 
const SimTK::DiscreteVariableIndex getDiscreteVariableIndex (const std::string &name) const
 Get the index of a ModelComponent's discrete variable in the Subsystem for allocations. More...
 
const SimTK::CacheEntryIndex getCacheVariableIndex (const std::string &name) const
 Get the index of a ModelComponent's cache variable in the Subsystem for allocations. More...
 
- Protected Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::Object
 Object ()
 The default constructor is only for use by constructors of derived types. More...
 
 Object (const std::string &fileName, bool aUpdateFromXMLNode=true) SWIG_DECLARE_EXCEPTION
 Constructor from a file, to be called from other constructors that take a file as input. More...
 
 Object (const Object &source)
 Copy constructor is invoked automatically by derived classes with default copy constructors; otherwise it must be invoked explicitly. More...
 
 Object (SimTK::Xml::Element &aElement)
 Construct the base class portion of an Object from a given Xml element that describes this Object. More...
 
template<class T >
PropertyIndex addProperty (const std::string &name, const std::string &comment, const T &value)
 Define a new single-value property of known type T, with the given name, associated comment, and initial value. More...
 
template<class T >
PropertyIndex addOptionalProperty (const std::string &name, const std::string &comment)
 Add an optional property, meaning it can contain either no value or a single value. More...
 
template<class T >
PropertyIndex addOptionalProperty (const std::string &name, const std::string &comment, const T &value)
 Add an optional property, meaning it can contain either no value or a single value. More...
 
template<class T >
PropertyIndex addListProperty (const std::string &name, const std::string &comment, int minSize, int maxSize)
 Define a new list-valued property of known type T, with the given name, associated comment, minimum (==0) and maximum (>0) allowable list lengths, and a zero-length initial value. More...
 
template<class T , template< class > class Container>
PropertyIndex addListProperty (const std::string &name, const std::string &comment, int minSize, int maxSize, const Container< T > &valueList)
 Define a new list-valued property as above, but assigning an initial value via some templatized container class that supports size() and indexing. More...
 
PropertyIndex getPropertyIndex (const std::string &name) const
 Look up a property by name and return its PropertyIndex if it is found. More...
 
template<class T >
PropertyIndex getPropertyIndex () const
 Look up an unnamed property by the type of object it contains, and return its PropertyIndex if it is found. More...
 
void updateFromXMLDocument ()
 Use this method only if you're deserializing from a file and the object is at the top level; that is, primarily in constructors that take a file name as input. More...
 
void setDocument (XMLDocument *doc)
 Unconditionally set the XMLDocument associated with this object. More...
 
const XMLDocumentgetDocument () const
 Get a const pointer to the document (if any) associated with this object. More...
 
XMLDocumentupdDocument ()
 Get a writable pointer to the document (if any) associated with this object. More...
 

Additional Inherited Members

- Static Public Member Functions inherited from OpenSim::Object
static void registerType (const Object &defaultObject)
 Register an instance of a class; if the class is already registered it will be replaced. More...
 
static void renameType (const std::string &oldTypeName, const std::string &newTypeName)
 Support versioning by associating the current Object type with an old name. More...
 
static const ObjectgetDefaultInstanceOfType (const std::string &concreteClassName)
 Return a pointer to the default instance of the registered (concrete) Object whose class name is given, or NULL if the type is not registered. More...
 
template<class T >
static bool isObjectTypeDerivedFrom (const std::string &concreteClassName)
 Return true if the given concrete object type represents a subclass of the template object type T, and thus could be referenced with a T*. More...
 
static ObjectnewInstanceOfType (const std::string &concreteClassName)
 Create a new instance of the concrete Object type whose class name is given as concreteClassName. More...
 
static void getRegisteredTypenames (Array< std::string > &typeNames)
 Retrieve all the typenames registered so far. More...
 
template<class T >
static void getRegisteredObjectsOfGivenType (ArrayPtrs< T > &rArray)
 Return an array of pointers to the default instances of all registered (concrete) Object types that derive from a given Object-derived type that does not have to be concrete. More...
 
static void PrintPropertyInfo (std::ostream &os, const std::string &classNameDotPropertyName)
 Dump formatted property information to a given output stream, useful for creating a "help" facility for registered objects. More...
 
static void PrintPropertyInfo (std::ostream &os, const std::string &className, const std::string &propertyName)
 Same as the other signature but the class name and property name are provided as two separate strings. More...
 
static ObjectmakeObjectFromFile (const std::string &fileName)
 Create an OpenSim object whose type is based on the tag at the root node of the XML file passed in. More...
 
static const std::string & getClassName ()
 Return the name of this class as a string; i.e., "Object". More...
 
static void setSerializeAllDefaults (bool shouldSerializeDefaults)
 Static function to control whether all registered objects and their properties are written to the defaults section of output files rather than only those values for which the default was explicitly overwritten when read in from an input file or set programmatically. More...
 
static bool getSerializeAllDefaults ()
 Report the value of the "serialize all defaults" flag. More...
 
static bool isKindOf (const char *type)
 Returns true if the passed-in string is "Object"; each Object-derived class defines a method of this name for its own class name. More...
 
static void setDebugLevel (int newLevel)
 Set the debug level to get verbose output. More...
 
static int getDebugLevel ()
 Get current setting of debug level. More...
 
static ObjectSafeCopy (const Object *aObject)
 Use the clone() method to duplicate the given object unless the pointer is null in which case null is returned. More...
 
static void RegisterType (const Object &defaultObject)
 OBSOLETE alternate name for registerType(). More...
 
static void RenameType (const std::string &oldName, const std::string &newName)
 OBSOLETE alternate name for renameType(). More...
 
- Static Public Attributes inherited from OpenSim::Object
static const std::string DEFAULT_NAME
 Name used for default objects when they are serialized. More...
 
- Protected Attributes inherited from OpenSim::Muscle
double _muscleWidth
 The assumed fixed muscle-width from which the fiber pennation angle can be calculated. More...
 
double _maxIsometricForce
 to support deprecated muscles More...
 
double _optimalFiberLength
 
double _pennationAngleAtOptimal
 
double _tendonSlackLength
 
- Static Protected Attributes inherited from OpenSim::ActivationFiberLengthMuscle
static const std::string STATE_ACTIVATION_NAME
 
static const std::string STATE_FIBER_LENGTH_NAME
 

Detailed Description

Implementation of a two state (activation and fiber-length) Muscle model by Thelen 2003. This a complete rewrite of a previous implementation (present in OpenSim 2.4 and earlier) contained numerous errors.

The Thelen2003Muscle model uses a standard equilibrium muscle equation

\[ (a(t) f_{AL}(l_{CE}) f_{V}(\dot{l}_{CE}) - f_{PE}(l_{CE}))\cos \phi - f_{SE}(l_{T}) = 0 \]

Rearranging the above equation and solving for $ f_{V}(\dot{l}_{CE}) $ yields

\[ f_{V}(\dot{l}_{CE}) = \frac{ \frac{f_{SE}(l_{T})}{\cos\phi} - f_{PE}(l_{CE}) }{ a(t) f_{AL}(l_{CE}) } \]

The force velocity curve is usually inverted to compute the fiber velocity,

\[ \dot{l}_{CE} = f_{V}^{-1}( \frac{ \frac{f_{SE}(l_{T})}{\cos\phi} - f_{PE}(l_{CE}) }{ a(t) f_{AL}(l_{CE}) } ) \]

which is then integrated to simualate the musculotendon dynamics. In general, the previous equation has 4 singularity conditions:

  1. $ a(t) \rightarrow 0 $
  2. $ f_{AL}(l_{CE}) \rightarrow 0 $
  3. $ \phi \rightarrow \frac{\pi}{2} $
  4. $ f_{V}(\dot{l}_{CE}) \le 0 $ or $ f_{V}(\dot{l}_{CE}) \ge F^M_{len}$

This implementation has been slightly modified from the model presented in the journal paper (marked with a *) to prevent some of these singularities:

  1. * $ a(t) \rightarrow a_{min} > 0 $ : A modified activation dynamic equation is used - MuscleFirstOrderActivationDynamicModel - which smoothly approaches some minimum value that is greater than zero.
  2. $ f_{AL}(l_{CE}) > 0 $ . The active force length curve of the Thelen muscle is a Gaussian, which is always greater than 0.
  3. $ \phi \rightarrow \frac{\pi}{2} $ . This singularity cannot be removed without changing the first equation, and still exists in the present Thelen2003Muscle formulation.
  4. * $ f_{V}(\dot{l}_{CE}) \le 0 $ or $ f_{V}(\dot{l}_{CE}) \ge F^M_{len}$: Equation 6 in Thelen 2003 has been modified so that $ V^M $ is linearly extrapolated when $ F^M < 0$ (during a concentric contraction), and when $ F^M > 0.95 F^M_{len}$ (during an eccentric contraction). These two modifications make the force velocity curve invertible. The original force velocity curve as published by Thelen was not invertible.
  5. A unilateral constraint has been implemented to prevent the fiber from approaching a fiber length that is smaller than 0.01*optimal fiber length, or a fiber length that creates a pennation angle greater than the maximum pennation angle specified by the pennation model. Note that this unilateral constraint does not prevent the muscle fiber from becoming shorter than is physiologically possible (that is shorter than approximately half a normalized fiber length).

    Usage This object should be updated through the set methods provided. These set methods will take care of rebuilding the object correctly. If you modify the properties directly, the object will not be rebuilt, and upon calling any functions an exception will be thrown because the object is out of date with its properties.

    References

    DG Thelen, Adjustment of muscle mechanics model parameters to simulate dynamic contractions in older adults. Journal of biomechanical engineering, 2003.

Author
Matt Millard
Ajay Seth
Peter Loan

Member Enumeration Documentation

Enumerator
FiberActiveForceLength 
FiberPassiveForceLength 
FiberForceVelocity 
TendonForceLength 

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::Thelen2003Muscle ( )
OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::Thelen2003Muscle ( const std::string &  aName,
double  aMaxIsometricForce,
double  aOptimalFiberLength,
double  aTendonSlackLength,
double  aPennationAngle 
)

Member Function Documentation

virtual void OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::addToSystem ( SimTK::MultibodySystem &  system) const
protectedvirtual

Model Component Interface.

Reimplemented from OpenSim::ActivationFiberLengthMuscle.

double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::calcActivationRate ( const SimTK::State &  s) const
overrideprotectedvirtual

Calculate activation rate.

Implements OpenSim::ActivationFiberLengthMuscle.

void OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::calcFiberVelocityInfo ( const SimTK::State &  s,
FiberVelocityInfo fvi 
) const
overrideprotectedvirtual

calculate muscle's velocity related values such fiber and tendon velocities,normalized velocities, pennation angular velocity, etc...

Reimplemented from OpenSim::Muscle.

void OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::calcMuscleDynamicsInfo ( const SimTK::State &  s,
MuscleDynamicsInfo mdi 
) const
overrideprotectedvirtual

calculate muscle's active and passive force-length, force-velocity, tendon force, relationships and their related values

Reimplemented from OpenSim::Muscle.

void OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::calcMuscleLengthInfo ( const SimTK::State &  s,
MuscleLengthInfo mli 
) const
overrideprotectedvirtual

calculate muscle's position related values such fiber and tendon lengths, normalized lengths, pennation angle, etc...

Reimplemented from OpenSim::Muscle.

void OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::calcMusclePotentialEnergyInfo ( const SimTK::State &  s,
MusclePotentialEnergyInfo mpei 
) const
protectedvirtual

calculate muscle's fiber and tendon potential energy

Reimplemented from OpenSim::Muscle.

virtual double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::computeActuation ( const SimTK::State &  s) const
overridevirtual

Actuator interface for a muscle computes the tension in the muscle and applied by the tendon to bones (i.e.

not the fiber force)

Implements OpenSim::Muscle.

void OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::computeInitialFiberEquilibrium ( SimTK::State &  s) const
overridevirtual

Compute initial fiber length (velocity) such that muscle fiber and tendon are in static equilibrium and update the state.

Part of the Muscle.h interface

Implements OpenSim::Muscle.

virtual void OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::connectToModel ( Model model)
protectedvirtual

Perform any necessary initializations required to connect the component into the Model, and check for error conditions.

connectToModel() is invoked on all components to complete construction of a Model, prior to creating a Simbody System to represent it computationally. It may also be invoked at times just for its error-checking side effects.

If you override this method, be sure to invoke the base class method first, using code like this:

void MyComponent::connectToModel(Model& model) {
Super::connectToModel(model); // invoke parent class method
// ... your code goes here
}

Note that this method is expected to check for modeling errors and should throw an OpenSim::Exception if there is something wrong. For example, if your model component references another object by name, you should verify that it exists in the supplied Model, which is not guaranteed since components may be independently instantiated or constructed from XML files.

Parameters
[in,out]modelThe Model currently being constructed to which this ModelComponent should be connected.

Reimplemented from OpenSim::ActivationFiberLengthMuscle.

const MuscleFirstOrderActivationDynamicModel& OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getActivationModel ( ) const
Returns
the MuscleFirstOrderActivationDynamicModel that this muscle model uses
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getActivationTimeConstant ( ) const
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getAf ( ) const
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getDeactivationTimeConstant ( ) const
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getFlen ( ) const
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getFmaxMuscleStrain ( ) const
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getFmaxTendonStrain ( ) const
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getForceVelocityExtrapolationThreshold ( ) const
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getKshapeActive ( ) const
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getKshapePassive ( ) const
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getMaximumPennationAngle ( ) const
Returns
the maximum pennation angle allowed by this muscle model (radians)
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getMinimumActivation ( ) const
double OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getMinimumFiberLength ( ) const
Returns
the minimum fiber length, which is the maximum of two values: the smallest fiber length allowed by the pennation model, and the minimum fiber length in the active force length curve. When the fiber length reaches this value, it is constrained to this value until the fiber velocity goes positive.
const MuscleFixedWidthPennationModel& OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::getPennationModel ( ) const
Returns
the MuscleFixedWidthPennationModel that this muscle model uses
virtual void OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::initStateFromProperties ( SimTK::State &  state) const
protectedvirtual

Subclass should override; be sure to invoke Force::initStateFromProperties() at the beginning of the overriding method.

Reimplemented from OpenSim::ActivationFiberLengthMuscle.

OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY ( activation_time_constant  ,
double  ,
"time constant for ramping up muscle activation"   
)
OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY ( deactivation_time_constant  ,
double  ,
"time constant for ramping down of muscle activation"   
)
OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY ( FmaxTendonStrain  ,
double  ,
"tendon strain at maximum isometric muscle force"   
)
OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY ( FmaxMuscleStrain  ,
double  ,
"passive muscle strain at maximum isometric muscle force"   
)
OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY ( KshapeActive  ,
double  ,
"shape factor for Gaussian active muscle force-length relationship"   
)
OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY ( KshapePassive  ,
double  ,
"exponential shape factor for passive force-length relationship"   
)
OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY ( Af  ,
double  ,
"force-velocity shape factor"   
)
OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY ( Flen  ,
double  ,
"maximum normalized lengthening force"   
)
OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::OpenSim_DECLARE_PROPERTY ( fv_linear_extrap_threshold  ,
double  ,
"fv threshold where linear extrapolation is used"   
)
void OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::printCurveToCSVFile ( const CurveType  ctype,
const std::string &  path 
)
bool OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::setActivationTimeConstant ( double  aActivationTimeConstant)
bool OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::setAf ( double  aAf)
bool OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::setDeactivationTimeConstant ( double  aDeactivationTimeConstant)
bool OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::setFlen ( double  aFlen)
bool OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::setFmaxFiberStrain ( double  aFmaxMuscleStrain)
bool OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::setFmaxTendonStrain ( double  aFmaxTendonStrain)
bool OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::setForceVelocityExtrapolationThreshold ( double  aFvThresh)
bool OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::setKshapeActive ( double  aKShapeActive)
bool OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::setKshapePassive ( double  aKshapePassive)
bool OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::setMinimumActivation ( double  aActivationMinValue)
virtual void OpenSim::Thelen2003Muscle::setPropertiesFromState ( const SimTK::State &  state)
protectedvirtual

Subclass should override; be sure to invoke Force::setPropertiesFromState() at the beginning of the overriding method.

Reimplemented from OpenSim::ActivationFiberLengthMuscle.


The documentation for this class was generated from the following file: